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Chapter 3&4 Vocabulary

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Culture   The way of life that distinguishes a people for example government language religion customs and beliefs  
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Population density   The average number of people living in a given area  
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Birthrate   The number of live births each per 1,000 people  
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Immigrant   A person who moves into a country  
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Emigrant   A person who leaves a country to live elsewhere  
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Urbanization   The growth of city populations  
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Rural   Of or characteristic of the countryside  
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Culture hearth   A place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures  
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Cultural convergence   The contact and interaction of one culture with another  
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Diffusion   The process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another  
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Cultural divergence   the restriction of a culture from outside influences  
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Sovereignty   a country's freedom and power to decided on policies and actions  
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Unitary System   a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power  
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Federation   a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments  
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Confederation   a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government  
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Authoritarian   descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power  
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Dictatorship   A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person  
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Totalitarianism   a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society  
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Monarchy   A system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch a king queen shah or sultan whose position is usually inherited  
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Democracy   a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy  
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Traditional Economy   an economic system in which families produce goods and service for their own use with little surplus and exchange of goods also known as a subsistence economy  
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Market Economy   an economic system in which decisions about production price and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand  
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Command Economy   an economic system that is controlled by a single central government  
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Natural Resource   A material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs  
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Renewable Resource   A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used  
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Nonrenewable Resource   A natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used  
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Fossil Fuel   Any one several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel  
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Nuclear Energy   A type of energy produced by fission the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor releasing stored energy  
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Water Power   Energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity  
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Geothermal Energy   Energy produced from the earths intense interior heat  
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Solar Energy   Energy produced by the sun  
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Primary Economic Activity   An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly such as fishing or mining  
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Subsistence Farming   Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village  
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Commercial Farming   The rising of crops and livestock for sale in markets  
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Secondary Economic Activity   An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value  
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Cottage Industry   A small scale manufacturing operation using little technology often located in or near peoples homes  
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Commercial Industry   A large scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods  
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Tertiary Economic Activity   An economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others service industry  
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Quaternary Economic Activity   An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition processing and sharing of information such as education or research  
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Export   An item that is sent out of the country for sale  
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Import   An item that is brought into a country for sale  
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Created by: brittanyelliott
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