Civil Rights from Civil War to WWII
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| Laws that southern governments passed to limit former slaves' freedom | Black Codes
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| Established to aid former slaves with finding jobs and housing; established schools and hospitals | Freedmen's Bureau
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| Led an antilynching crusade in Memphis | Ida B. Wells
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| Believed in elite blacks providing an example to blacks in the world; was a founder of the Niagara movement and NAACP; believed in blacks asserting themselves to achieve complete equality | W.E.B. Du Bois
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| Laws that segregated blacks and whites in public places | Jim Crow
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| Organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; campaigned for FDR to sign an executive order banning discrimination in defense industries during WWII by threatening to call for a march on Washington | A. Philip Randolph
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| Argument by Booker T. Washington that gradual progress is the best path for blacks and focused on job training and said that self-respect and self-help would bring opportunities | Atlanta Compromise
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| Argued that blacks should give up the struggle for civil rights and submit to segregation; felt that social and political equality will come from self-reliance and ecnoomic advancement | Booker T. Washington
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| Made Blacks citizens and guaranteed all citizens due process and the equal protection of the laws | 14th Amendment
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| Ruled that separate but equal facilities were constitutional; provided the legal basis for laws of segregation | Plessy v. Ferguson
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| Phrase referring to Du Bois' belief that black elites should lead blacks in America | Talented Tenth
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| Abolished slavery | 13th Amendment
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| Ruled that having an all white primary was unconstitutional | Smith v. Allwright
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| Said that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race | 15th Amendment
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| Congress passed this that prohibited discrimination in public places; later ruled unconstitutional | Civil Rights Act of 1875
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| Began as a social club but spread to begin intimidating and terrorizing southern blacks | KKK
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| Founded the Back to Africa movement and founded the Universal Negro mprovement Association | Marcus Garvey
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