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Exam 16: Intro to Musculoskeletal System (Key Terms)

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Term
Definition
Ankylosis   fixation of a joint, usually in an abnormal position resulting from destruction of cartilage or bone  
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Arthrocentesis   puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw fluid used for diagnostic purposes.  
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Bipolar hip replacement   prosthetic implant used to replace the femoral head and neck in hip fractures when the vascular supply to the femoral head is or may become compromised.  
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Blanching test   a test of the rate of capillary refill.  
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Callus   bony deposits formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone during healing.  
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Colles' fracture   a fracture of the distal portion of the radius within 1 inch of the wrist.  
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Crepitus   sounds that represent the grating noise heard when rubbing hair between fingers. It is associated with broken bones.  
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Fibromyalgia   a musculoskeletal chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology that causes pain in the muscles, bones or joints.  
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Kyphosis   an abnormal condition of the vertebral column, characterized by increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine, causing a “hump-back” appearance.  
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Lordosis   an increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulders back.  
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Open reduction with internal fixation   a surgical procedure allowing fracture alignment under direct visualization while using various internal fixation devices applied to the bone.  
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Paresthesia   any subjective sensation, such as prickling "pins and needles" or feeling of numbness.  
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Scoliosis   curvature of the spine usually consisting of two curves; the original abnormal curve and a compensatory curve in the opposite direction. This results in an "S" shaped appearance  
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Sequestrum   a fragment of necrotic bone that is partially or entirely detached from the adjacent healthy bone.  
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Subluxation   temporary, partial or incomplete dislocation that involves stretching the joint capsule  
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Volkmann's contracture   a permanent contracture of the hand. Clawhand appearance with flexion of the wrist and fingers, and forearm atrophy, related to compartment syndrome  
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