Bonding of Elements: 3
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| stable element | An element with a full valence shell (outer energy level).
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| valence shell (level) | Highest energy level containing electrons.
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| ionization energy | The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
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| electronegativity | An atom's "need" for another electron (in order to become stable).
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| alkali metals | Group 1 of the periodic table; are very reactive and create 1+ ions.
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| ion | An atom that has gained or lost an electron and become positively or negatively charged.
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| cations | positive ions (atoms with less electrons)
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| alkaline earth metals | Group 2 on periodic table. They are reactive and form ions with a 2+ charge.
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| transition metals | Groups 3-12 on the periodic table.
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| halogens | Group 17 on the periodic table. They are the most reactive nonmetal elements and form 1- ions.
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| noble gases | Group 18 on the periodic table. They have a full outer energy level and are stable/ nonreactive elements.
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| ionic bonds | Formed by the transfer of electrons. Compounds formed this way are strong, have high melting points, are usually solid and crystallized.
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| covalent bonds | Formed by the sharing of electrons. Compunds formed are from non-metals, have low melting points.
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| molecules | Formed by covalently bonded elements.
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| polar molecules | Molecules with a partially positive and negative poles.
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| anions | Negative ions. Atoms with more electrons.
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