Anaerobes Test #2
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| What are the 4 ways of growing anaerobes? | Reducing media, candle jar, anaerobic jar, and bio-bags.
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| What is reducing media for growing anaerobes? | It contains ingredients, such as sodium thioglycolate, that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen and deplete the oxygen in the cultufre medium.
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| What is a candle jar device for growing anaerobes? | Cultures are placed in a jar witrh a candle burning. The burning candle reduces oxygen from 20% to 15% and increases carbon Dioxide to approximately 3%.
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| What is an anaerobic jar for growing anaerobes? | A packet of chemicals reacts with water producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide.O2 combines with hydrogen to make water.
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| What are bio-bags for growing anaerobes? | Plastic bag with self-contained chemical gas generator that is activated by crushing or a few mililiters of water.
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| Where do anaerobes reside in the human body? | Part of the normal flora on the skin, mucous membrane surfaces of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, mouth and GI tract, as well as orrifices of external genetalia, urethra and vagina.
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| Are anaerobe-caused infections from microbes inhabiting the body or from microbes that live outside the body? | Pathogenic anaerobes are part of the normal flora and are opportunistic. Most are , therefore, from an endogenous source (inhabiting the body).
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| What are exogenous anaerobe-caused infections? | The few anaerobe-caused infections from exogenous sources are foodbourne or come from wounds and infected animal bites or septic abortions.
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| How does temperature affect the growth of microbes? | Each species has different temperature requirements. (Minimum, optimum and maximum growth temperatures)
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| What is minimum growth temperature? | The lowest temp at which growth will occur (very slow growth).
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| What happens at BELOW minimum temperature? | most microorganisms go dormant but DO NOT DIE.
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| What is optimal growth temperature? | Temp at which most rapid growth occurs.
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| What is maximum growth temperature? | Highest temp at which growth occurs--above this temp, enzymes are denatured and death mighut occur.
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| What are the 5 classifications of microbes by temperature? | Psychrophiles, psychrotrophes, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles.
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| What are psychrophiles, their optimum growth temp and their range? | Cold-loving; optimum at 10 degrees Celsius; range= -2 to 18 degrees Celsius.
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| What is the optimum temp for psychrotrophes and their range? | Optimum growth at 25 degrees Celsius and range from -2 to 35 degrees Celsius.
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| What is the optimum temp range for mesophiles? | 25 - 40 degrees Celsius.
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| What are thermophiles; their optimum temp and their range? | Heat-loving organisms; optimum at >40 degrees Celsius; usually 70 to 75 degrees Celsius.
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| What are hyperthermophiles; their optumum temp and their range? | Extreme heat-loving; optimum >90 degrees Celsius; 70 - 105 degrees Celsius.
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| What is pH? | Potential of hydrogen; measure of the relative acidity of alkalinity of a solution.
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| How does pH affect growth? | Every organism has its minimum, optimum and maximum pH at which growth can occur.
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| What are acidophiles? | A bacterium that grows at <4 pH.
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| What are neutrophiles? | An organism that thrives in neutral pH environment.
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| What are alkaliphiles? | Organisms that thrive in alkaline environment: pH 9 - 11.
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| What are characteristics of a batch culture? | Nutrients are NOT removed, wastes are NOT removed; examples = broth tubes, agar slants and agar plates.
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| What are characteristics of a CONTINUOUS CULTURE? | Nutrients ARE renewed, wastes ARE removed; example = special dynamic growing chamber (chemostat); it maintains population at log (max amt) of growth.
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