Enzymes Test #2
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| What is the structure of an enzyme? | The structure can have one or two parts: apoenzyme & coenzyme (or cofactor); both parts together=holoenzyme(whole)
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| Apoenzyme | Always present, have highly specific protein part, different for every kind of enzymes (all enzymes have it)
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| Coenzyme or Cofactor | Part of most enzymes, needed to activate the epoenzyme, not specific, same one can activate many different enzymes; coenzymes (organic)-often a vitamin, cofactor (inorganic)-a mineral
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| What is the function of an enzyme? | To speed up reactions by bringing specific substances into proper orientation (position) so the reaction can take place rapidly; lower energy of activation of a reaction
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| What is a substrate? | The substance upon which an enzyme reacts
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| What is a product? | What the substrate is changed into (as a result of the enzyme-facilitated reaction)
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| What factors influence enzyme function? | Temperature, pH, concentration of the substrate, enzyme inhibitors ( competitive inhibitors & noncompetitive)
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| Competitive Inhibitors | Directly bind to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the substrate from entering and being converted to product (reaction stops)
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| Noncompetitive Inhibitors | Bind to another site of the enzyme, causing a change in the shape at the active site, into which the substrate can no longer fit (reaction stops)
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| What is a coenzyme? | Name used if that second part is an organic molecule (often a vitamin)
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| What is a cofactor? | Name used if that second part is an inorganic molecule (a mineral)
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| What is a holoenzyme? | Both parts (apoenzyme & coenzyme/cofactor) together;whole
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| Exoenzymes | A class of enzymes that is released to the external of the cell and wok outside (ex. digestive enzymes and enzymes of virulence)
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| Endoenzymes | A class of enzymes that remains inside of the cell and work internally (ex. enzymes of cellular metabolism)
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| Constituitive Enzymes | A class of enzymes that is always present, necessary for life; quantity independent of amount of substrate (ex metabolic enzymes)
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| Induced Enzymes | A class of enzymes that is produced only as needed (when substrates are present) providing efficiency and adaptability; quantity of enzymes is dependent on the mount of substrate (ex induced enzymes)
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| What is the process by which macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules? | Hydrolysis; digestion is always hydrolysis; General Formula: A-B + H-OH →A-OH + H-B (adding H20 to break apart)
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| Describe how an enzyme works. | An enzyme works as a catalyst to speed up a reaction that would otherwise take too long or never happen at all. The enzyme will attach to a substrate and form an enzyme substrate complex which then produce a product at the completion of the enzyme reactio
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Created by:
lisaanne11