N130 OLOL Terms for IV, IVPB, blood admin.

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IV, IVPB, & blood Terms

IV, IVPB, & blood definitions

Air Embolism

Obstruction of a blood vessel caused by an air bubble.

Anaphylactic reactions

A type one hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction between an allergenic antigen and immunoglobuline E (IgE) bound to mast cells, which stimulates the sudden release of immunological mediators locally or throughout the body.

Antibody

An immunoglobulin produced by B lymphocytes in response to a unique antigen. Each AB molecule combines with a specific antigen to destroy or control it.

Antigen

A protein or oligosaccharide marker on the surface of cells that indentifies the cell as self or nonself, identifies the type of cell, e.g., skin, kidney stimulates the production of antibodies by B lympocytes, that will neutralize or destroy the cell.

Autologous blood transfusion

A procedure for collecting and storing a patients own blood several weeks before its anticipated need by the patient.

Colloids

A gluelike substance, such as protein or starch, whose particles ( molecules or aggregate of molecules) when dispersed as much as possible in a solvent remain uniformly distributed and do not form a true solution.

Crossmatching of blood

A test to establish blood compatibility before transfusion.

Cryoprecipitate

The Percipitate for med. when serum from patients with reheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonehritis, systemic lupus of erthemotosus and other chronic diseases in which Immune complexes are found is stored @ 4 degrees C. Used for bleeding disorders.

Crystalloids

like a crystal, opposite of colloids

Designated or Directed Donor

A person who furnishes blood, tissue, or an organ to be used in another person.

Electrolytes

A solution that conducts electricity. An ionized salt in blood, tissue, fluids, and cells.

Emboli

A mass of undissolved matter present in a blood or lymphatic vessel and brought there by the blood or lymph.

Extravasation

The escape of fluid from its physiologic contained space, e.g., bile, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the surrounding tissue.

Fluid Volume Deficit

The state in which an individual experiences vascular, cellular, or intracellular dehydration.

Fluid Volume Excess

The state in which an individual experiences increased isotonic fluid retention.

Granulocytes

A granular leukocyte; a polymorephonuclear leukocyte ( neutophil, eosinophil, or basophil)

Hemolysis

The destruction of RBC's b/c of RBC diseases or because of their exposure to drugs toxins , artifical heart valves, ntibodies, some infections, or snake venoms. The cell membranes are destroyed directly or through antibody- medicated lysis.

Heparin lock

An intermittent infusion device that is used episodically for fluid or medication infusion.

Homologous blood transfusion

similar in fundemental structure and in origin but not necessarily in function.

Hypertonic

Pert. to a solution of higher osmotic pressure thn another.

Hypotonic

Pert. to a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another.

Infiltration

The process of a substance passing into and being deposited within the substance of a cell, tissue, or organ.

Infusion pump

A pump used to give fluids into an artery, vein, or enteral tube, beneficial in over coming arterial resistance or administering thick solutions.

Infusion

Any liquid substance ( other than blood) introduced into the body via a vein for therapeutic process.

Intravenous

Within or into a vein.

Isotonic

Pert. to a solution with the same osmotic pressure as a reference solution.

Osmolarity

The concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution.

Packed Red blood Cells

Red blood cells that have been seperated from the plasma, used in treating conditions that require red blood cells but not the liquids components of whole blood.

Peripherally inserted central Catheter (PICC)

A soft flexible central venous catheter inserted in a vein in the arm and advanced until the tip is positioned in the axillary, subclavian, or bracheocephalic vein.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

Platelets

Large cells found in bone marrow. They play and important role in blood coagulation, hemostasis, and blood thrombus formation.

Plasma

The liquid part of lymph of the blood.

RH Factor

An antigen often called D, when it's present an individuals blood type is RH positive, when it is absent RH negative.

Sepsis

A systemic inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and evidence of inadequate blood flow to internal organs.

Thrombophelbitis

Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a thrombus. Usually occurs in an extremity, most frequently a leg.

Total parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

The intravenous provision of dextrose, amino acids, emulsified fats, trace elements, vitamins, and minerals to patients who are unable to assimilate adequate nutrition by mouth.

Transfusion reaction

An adverse response to a transfusion caused by the presence of foreign antigens, antibodies, or cytokins.

Typing of blood

The method used to determine the antigens present on a person's blood cells.

Universal Donor

A person whose blood is of group O and is therefore usually compatible with most other blood types.

Universal Recipient

A person belonging to the blood type AB, RH positive, whose serum will not agglutinate the cells of the other ABO blood types

Venipuncture

puncture of a vein, typically to obtain a specimen of blood.

Whole blood

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