WillWallace Patient Asst 2/08 test 1
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| Eupnea | Normal breathing, 10 - 18 bpm
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| Apnea | no spontaneous breathing, usually more than 10 seconds, caused by drug overdose, asphyxia, sleep apnea
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| Platypnea | Can breath better when laying down.
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| Orthopnea | Can breath better when sitting up.
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| Cheyne Stokes | Gradual increase of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in breathing followed by apnea.
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| Kussmal breathing | Deep rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other types of acidosis.
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| Biot's breathing | Irregular rate, depth and volume followed by apnea seen in patients with ICP and menningitis
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| Tachypnea | Rapid breathing, usually caused by decreased lung compliance
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| Hyperpnea | Deeper and more rapid than normal breathing at rest.
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| Bradypnea | Slow respiratory frequency, caused by CNS depression
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| Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea | Dyspnea during the night.
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| Exertional Dyspnea | Dyspnea that occurs only during exertion.
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| Kyphoscoliosis | Kyphosis (hunch back) plus Scoliosis (lateral curvature)
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| Kyphosis | Abnormal AP curvature causing a hunch back.
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| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature
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| Barrel Chest | A chest with increased A-P diameter, seen in patients with COPD (air trappers)
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| Pectus Excavatum | Funnel chest (concaved)
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| Pectus Carinatum | Pigeon breast (protruding)
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| Jugular Venous Pressure | Reflects the volume of blood and pressure to the right side of the heart. Right heart failure can increase it.
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| Right heart failure | Corepulmonade
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| Paradoxical Pulse | A reverse of normal pulse, during inspiration pulse is weaker and stronger during exhalation. Seen in Cardiac Tamponade. Less moving air, pulse checked at beat 1 and 2 systolic, if greater than 8 to 10 torr difference= paradoxical.
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| Hypertension | Blood pressure higher than 140/90
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| Causes of Hypertension | Increased ICP, Corpulmonale, hypervolemia, hypoxemia, and sympathomimetics.
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| Hypotension | Blood pressure lower than 90/60
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| Causes of Hypotension | Hypovolemia, left ventricular failure, peripheral vasodilation/sepsis, beta blockers, positive pressure ventilation, and PEEP/CPAP.
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| Purulent | Thick, yellow, and sticky bacterial infected white cells.
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| Fetid | Foul smelling
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| Mucoid | Thick and clear, normal for someone who has an airway disease.
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| Muco-purulent | Purulent and Mucoid combined
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| Green | Old infection or infection related to alergies.
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| Green and fetid | Pseudamonas
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| Brown | Old blood
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| Asthmatic Breathing | prolonged exhalation, caused by obstruction to airflow out of lungs
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| capillary refill | press on patients fingernail, note spead of capillary refill, less than 3 seconds=healthy. longer = poor vascular supply and decreased Card output
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| Caugh | Most common sympton of pulmonary disease
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| Dry Non-productive caugh | restrictive disease like chf or pulmonary fibrosis
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| loose productive caugh | inflammatory obstructive disease like bronchitis or asthma
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| chest pain | pleuritic (lateral) nonpleuritic (center chest)
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| pleuritic | lateral or posterior chest pain, worsens with depth of breath, sharp, stabbing. Associated w plural lining, pneumonia, or embolism.
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| nonpleuritic | center chest pain, anterior, radiates to shoulder, not effected by breathing, dull ache angina or coronary artery
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| COPD | Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema
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| Cor Pulmonale | Right-side Heart failure, caused by chronic left side failure
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| digital clubbing | clubbing of the finger tips and toes, develops over time, caused by cardiopulmonary disease, chronic hypoxemia, low O2 and polycythemia
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| Face Inspection for Resp Patients | Nasal Flaring(resp distress), Cyanosis (resp failure), Pursed lips breathing (copd)
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| Fever | common complaint with infection, height may indicate virulence, fever+cough=respiratory infection. ↑ metabolic rate, ↑O2 consumption,↑CO2 production, increased o2 and co2 may cause tachypnea and resp failure
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| frothy secretions | white= non cardiogenic pulmonary edima. Pink= cardiogenic pulmonary edima
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| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood or blood streaked sputum, massive = more than 300 ml in 24 hours
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| Heart Rate | Radial, coritid, femoral
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| Respiratory Rate | chest, abdomen, back
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| hemoptysis | coughing blood
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| hypopnea | decreased rate and depth of breathing, caused by brain damage or well conditioned atheletes
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| LOC | level of consciousness, confused, delirious, lethargic, obtuded stuporus, comatose
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| Oriented x3 | time, people, place
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| measuring body temp | mouth, azilla, rectum, ear
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| non verbal communication | gestrues, facial expressions, eye movement, contact, voice tone, space, touch
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| past medical history | dhildhood disease, hospitalizations, surguries, injuries, alergies, ilnesses, meds
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| pedel ademia | usaully assiated with right heart failure, leaking venous system causes pooling in feet
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| phlegm | mucus from tracheobronchial tree that has not been contaminated by oral secretions
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| pleural effusion | increased fluid in the pleural cavity-usually due to inflamation or inffection
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| polycythemia | abnormally high increase in rbc's
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| pulse alterans | alternbatly strong and week pulses, suggests left side failure usually not related to resp die=sease
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| regulating body temps | raise with shiver, vasoconstriction, slowing pulse and slowing rr, lower with sweat, peripheral vasodialation, increased rr
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| sputum | mucus that has been contaminated by oral secretions
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| sympathetic vascular resistance | main cause of hypertension
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| trachea exam | trachea midline should be directly below the center of the supra sternal notch. trachea moves toward colapsed lung. moves away from tension pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.
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| Vital signs | pulse 60-100, RR 12-18, Temp 98.6F or 37 C = or - 1, BP 90-140/60 -90`
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