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WillWallace Patient Asst 2/08 test 1

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Question
Answer
Eupnea   Normal breathing, 10 - 18 bpm  
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Apnea   no spontaneous breathing, usually more than 10 seconds, caused by drug overdose, asphyxia, sleep apnea  
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Platypnea   Can breath better when laying down.  
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Orthopnea   Can breath better when sitting up.  
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Cheyne Stokes   Gradual increase of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in breathing followed by apnea.  
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Kussmal breathing   Deep rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other types of acidosis.  
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Biot's breathing   Irregular rate, depth and volume followed by apnea seen in patients with ICP and menningitis  
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Tachypnea   Rapid breathing, usually caused by decreased lung compliance  
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Hyperpnea   Deeper and more rapid than normal breathing at rest.  
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Bradypnea   Slow respiratory frequency, caused by CNS depression  
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Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea   Dyspnea during the night.  
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Exertional Dyspnea   Dyspnea that occurs only during exertion.  
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Kyphoscoliosis   Kyphosis (hunch back) plus Scoliosis (lateral curvature)  
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Kyphosis   Abnormal AP curvature causing a hunch back.  
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Scoliosis   Lateral curvature  
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Barrel Chest   A chest with increased A-P diameter, seen in patients with COPD (air trappers)  
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Pectus Excavatum   Funnel chest (concaved)  
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Pectus Carinatum   Pigeon breast (protruding)  
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Jugular Venous Pressure   Reflects the volume of blood and pressure to the right side of the heart. Right heart failure can increase it.  
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Right heart failure   Corepulmonade  
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Paradoxical Pulse   A reverse of normal pulse, during inspiration pulse is weaker and stronger during exhalation. Seen in Cardiac Tamponade. Less moving air, pulse checked at beat 1 and 2 systolic, if greater than 8 to 10 torr difference= paradoxical.  
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Hypertension   Blood pressure higher than 140/90  
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Causes of Hypertension   Increased ICP, Corpulmonale, hypervolemia, hypoxemia, and sympathomimetics.  
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Hypotension   Blood pressure lower than 90/60  
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Causes of Hypotension   Hypovolemia, left ventricular failure, peripheral vasodilation/sepsis, beta blockers, positive pressure ventilation, and PEEP/CPAP.  
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Purulent   Thick, yellow, and sticky bacterial infected white cells.  
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Fetid   Foul smelling  
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Mucoid   Thick and clear, normal for someone who has an airway disease.  
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Muco-purulent   Purulent and Mucoid combined  
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Green   Old infection or infection related to alergies.  
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Green and fetid   Pseudamonas  
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Brown   Old blood  
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Asthmatic Breathing   prolonged exhalation, caused by obstruction to airflow out of lungs  
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capillary refill   press on patients fingernail, note spead of capillary refill, less than 3 seconds=healthy. longer = poor vascular supply and decreased Card output  
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Caugh   Most common sympton of pulmonary disease  
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Dry Non-productive caugh   restrictive disease like chf or pulmonary fibrosis  
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loose productive caugh   inflammatory obstructive disease like bronchitis or asthma  
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chest pain   pleuritic (lateral) nonpleuritic (center chest)  
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pleuritic   lateral or posterior chest pain, worsens with depth of breath, sharp, stabbing. Associated w plural lining, pneumonia, or embolism.  
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nonpleuritic   center chest pain, anterior, radiates to shoulder, not effected by breathing, dull ache angina or coronary artery  
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COPD   Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema  
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Cor Pulmonale   Right-side Heart failure, caused by chronic left side failure  
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digital clubbing   clubbing of the finger tips and toes, develops over time, caused by cardiopulmonary disease, chronic hypoxemia, low O2 and polycythemia  
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Face Inspection for Resp Patients   Nasal Flaring(resp distress), Cyanosis (resp failure), Pursed lips breathing (copd)  
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Fever   common complaint with infection, height may indicate virulence, fever+cough=respiratory infection. ↑ metabolic rate, ↑O2 consumption,↑CO2 production, increased o2 and co2 may cause tachypnea and resp failure  
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frothy secretions   white= non cardiogenic pulmonary edima. Pink= cardiogenic pulmonary edima  
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Hemoptysis   coughing up blood or blood streaked sputum, massive = more than 300 ml in 24 hours  
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Heart Rate   Radial, coritid, femoral  
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Respiratory Rate   chest, abdomen, back  
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hematemesis   vomiting blood  
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hemoptysis   coughing blood  
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hypopnea   decreased rate and depth of breathing, caused by brain damage or well conditioned atheletes  
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LOC   level of consciousness, confused, delirious, lethargic, obtuded stuporus, comatose  
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Oriented x3   time, people, place  
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measuring body temp   mouth, azilla, rectum, ear  
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non verbal communication   gestrues, facial expressions, eye movement, contact, voice tone, space, touch  
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past medical history   dhildhood disease, hospitalizations, surguries, injuries, alergies, ilnesses, meds  
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pedel ademia   usaully assiated with right heart failure, leaking venous system causes pooling in feet  
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phlegm   mucus from tracheobronchial tree that has not been contaminated by oral secretions  
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pleural effusion   increased fluid in the pleural cavity-usually due to inflamation or inffection  
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polycythemia   abnormally high increase in rbc's  
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pulse alterans   alternbatly strong and week pulses, suggests left side failure usually not related to resp die=sease  
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regulating body temps   raise with shiver, vasoconstriction, slowing pulse and slowing rr, lower with sweat, peripheral vasodialation, increased rr  
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sputum   mucus that has been contaminated by oral secretions  
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sympathetic vascular resistance   main cause of hypertension  
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trachea exam   trachea midline should be directly below the center of the supra sternal notch. trachea moves toward colapsed lung. moves away from tension pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.  
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Vital signs   pulse 60-100, RR 12-18, Temp 98.6F or 37 C = or - 1, BP 90-140/60 -90`  
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