WillWallace Patient Asst 2/08 test 1

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Eupnea   Normal breathing, 10 - 18 bpm  
Apnea   no spontaneous breathing, usually more than 10 seconds, caused by drug overdose, asphyxia, sleep apnea  
Platypnea   Can breath better when laying down.  
Orthopnea   Can breath better when sitting up.  
Cheyne Stokes   Gradual increase of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in breathing followed by apnea.  
Kussmal breathing   Deep rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other types of acidosis.  
Biot's breathing   Irregular rate, depth and volume followed by apnea seen in patients with ICP and menningitis  
Tachypnea   Rapid breathing, usually caused by decreased lung compliance  
Hyperpnea   Deeper and more rapid than normal breathing at rest.  
Bradypnea   Slow respiratory frequency, caused by CNS depression  
Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea   Dyspnea during the night.  
Exertional Dyspnea   Dyspnea that occurs only during exertion.  
Kyphoscoliosis   Kyphosis (hunch back) plus Scoliosis (lateral curvature)  
Kyphosis   Abnormal AP curvature causing a hunch back.  
Scoliosis   Lateral curvature  
Barrel Chest   A chest with increased A-P diameter, seen in patients with COPD (air trappers)  
Pectus Excavatum   Funnel chest (concaved)  
Pectus Carinatum   Pigeon breast (protruding)  
Jugular Venous Pressure   Reflects the volume of blood and pressure to the right side of the heart. Right heart failure can increase it.  
Right heart failure   Corepulmonade  
Paradoxical Pulse   A reverse of normal pulse, during inspiration pulse is weaker and stronger during exhalation. Seen in Cardiac Tamponade. Less moving air, pulse checked at beat 1 and 2 systolic, if greater than 8 to 10 torr difference= paradoxical.  
Hypertension   Blood pressure higher than 140/90  
Causes of Hypertension   Increased ICP, Corpulmonale, hypervolemia, hypoxemia, and sympathomimetics.  
Hypotension   Blood pressure lower than 90/60  
Causes of Hypotension   Hypovolemia, left ventricular failure, peripheral vasodilation/sepsis, beta blockers, positive pressure ventilation, and PEEP/CPAP.  
Purulent   Thick, yellow, and sticky bacterial infected white cells.  
Fetid   Foul smelling  
Mucoid   Thick and clear, normal for someone who has an airway disease.  
Muco-purulent   Purulent and Mucoid combined  
Green   Old infection or infection related to alergies.  
Green and fetid   Pseudamonas  
Brown   Old blood  
Asthmatic Breathing   prolonged exhalation, caused by obstruction to airflow out of lungs  
capillary refill   press on patients fingernail, note spead of capillary refill, less than 3 seconds=healthy. longer = poor vascular supply and decreased Card output  
Caugh   Most common sympton of pulmonary disease  
Dry Non-productive caugh   restrictive disease like chf or pulmonary fibrosis  
loose productive caugh   inflammatory obstructive disease like bronchitis or asthma  
chest pain   pleuritic (lateral) nonpleuritic (center chest)  
pleuritic   lateral or posterior chest pain, worsens with depth of breath, sharp, stabbing. Associated w plural lining, pneumonia, or embolism.  
nonpleuritic   center chest pain, anterior, radiates to shoulder, not effected by breathing, dull ache angina or coronary artery  
COPD   Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema  
Cor Pulmonale   Right-side Heart failure, caused by chronic left side failure  
digital clubbing   clubbing of the finger tips and toes, develops over time, caused by cardiopulmonary disease, chronic hypoxemia, low O2 and polycythemia  
Face Inspection for Resp Patients   Nasal Flaring(resp distress), Cyanosis (resp failure), Pursed lips breathing (copd)  
Fever   common complaint with infection, height may indicate virulence, fever+cough=respiratory infection. ↑ metabolic rate, ↑O2 consumption,↑CO2 production, increased o2 and co2 may cause tachypnea and resp failure  
frothy secretions   white= non cardiogenic pulmonary edima. Pink= cardiogenic pulmonary edima  
Hemoptysis   coughing up blood or blood streaked sputum, massive = more than 300 ml in 24 hours  
Heart Rate   Radial, coritid, femoral  
Respiratory Rate   chest, abdomen, back  
hematemesis   vomiting blood  
hemoptysis   coughing blood  
hypopnea   decreased rate and depth of breathing, caused by brain damage or well conditioned atheletes  
LOC   level of consciousness, confused, delirious, lethargic, obtuded stuporus, comatose  
Oriented x3   time, people, place  
measuring body temp   mouth, azilla, rectum, ear  
non verbal communication   gestrues, facial expressions, eye movement, contact, voice tone, space, touch  
past medical history   dhildhood disease, hospitalizations, surguries, injuries, alergies, ilnesses, meds  
pedel ademia   usaully assiated with right heart failure, leaking venous system causes pooling in feet  
phlegm   mucus from tracheobronchial tree that has not been contaminated by oral secretions  
pleural effusion   increased fluid in the pleural cavity-usually due to inflamation or inffection  
polycythemia   abnormally high increase in rbc's  
pulse alterans   alternbatly strong and week pulses, suggests left side failure usually not related to resp die=sease  
regulating body temps   raise with shiver, vasoconstriction, slowing pulse and slowing rr, lower with sweat, peripheral vasodialation, increased rr  
sputum   mucus that has been contaminated by oral secretions  
sympathetic vascular resistance   main cause of hypertension  
trachea exam   trachea midline should be directly below the center of the supra sternal notch. trachea moves toward colapsed lung. moves away from tension pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.  
Vital signs   pulse 60-100, RR 12-18, Temp 98.6F or 37 C = or - 1, BP 90-140/60 -90`  


   

 
 

 
 

 

 
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