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| identify where fat-soluble vitamins are excreted | they are not excreted they are stored in lipids of the cells
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| what does excess levels of vitamin D cause | can cause hypercalcaemia thus allowing possible toxic effects and muscle weakness or pain in soft tissues and joints. in sereve cases convulsions may be possible death
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| what does vitamin K do to the blood | plays a role in coagulation
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| what age group is at high risk for vitamin B deficiency | includes older adults
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| what does pyridoxine do | it functions in the metabolism or carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a diet. can increase metabolism
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| scurvy is the result of what vitamin deficiency | vitamin C
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| what are the main antioxidant vitamins | vitamins A C E
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| identify the fat soluble vitamins | vitamins A D E K
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| identify the primary function of vitamin A | visual pigment for the rods in the retina of the eye. protects against cancer in the skin and other epithelial cell types. fight and destroy bacteria, viral, n parasitic infections. soaks up free radicals that could harm cells
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| identify what happens when there is a vitamin D deficiency | can cause bone weakness and deformitites (rickets) in children, and adults can get osteomalacia
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| identify the vitamin that is essential for normal metabolism and protection of the skin, eyes, tissues, and muscles | vitamin E
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| which vitamin enables proper cellular functioning of the body | B vitamins
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| which vitamin is used in tissue respiration and metabolism but when taken orally can reduce LCL | vitamin B3 -nicotinic acid
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| which vitamin is responsible for the formation of the connective tissue that is formed in bones, teeth, and gums | vitamin C
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| ascorbic acid (water or fat) | water
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| retinol (water or fat) | fat
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| ergocalciferol (water or fat) | fat
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| folic acid (water or fat) | water
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| alpha-tocopherol (water or fat) | fat
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| phytonadione (water or fat) | fat
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| riboflavin (water or fat) | water
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| nicotinic acid (deficiency disorders) | pellagra
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| cyanocobalamin (deficiency disorders) | pernicious anemia
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| thiamine (deficiency disorders) | beriberi
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| folic acid (deficiency disorders) | megaloblastic anemia, demenia, depression, hair loss
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| proper immune functioning and growth (which minerals) | selenium
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| bone formation, cell transport, nerve and muscle functions (which minerals) | calcium
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| iron utilization, skin pigmentation, nervous system functions (which minerals) | copper
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| cellular transport; normal muscle, heart, kidney and nervous system functions (which minerals) | potassium
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| proper growth and reproduction; helps heal wounds (which minerals) | zinc
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| hemoglobin and oxygen transport (which minerals) | iron
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| the lymphatic system is a primary source of | immune cell production
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| in which age group is the thymus larger | childhood than adulthood
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| which are smaller B cells or T cells | B cells
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| what are the advantages and disadventages of live vaccines | negative- smaller risk of full blown infection. positive- obtain a long lasting immunity
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| hepatitis B can lead to damage of what organ | liver
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| identify the vaccines which may be given together | DPT
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| which disease has been totally eradicated from the united states | polio
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| what is the other name for chicken pox | varicella
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| what is the primary function of the thymus | produce lymphocytes and eventually circulates through lymphatic tissues
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| what is the primary function of the tonsils | filters bacteria and other infective material
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| what is the primary function of the spleen | filters blood cells as they reach the end of the cell life cycle
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| what makes up the bodys major portion of fighting cells | lymphocytes
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| identify the age group that is most susceptible to chicken pox | children
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| how often should a tetanus booster be given to adults | every ten years
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| what vaccine in the 1950s actually contained a live virus and gave people the virus they were being immunized against | polio
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| which bacterial disease is also known as whooping cough | pertussis
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| which virus can cause birth defects in unborn children or even miscarriage | rebella or aka measles
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| define-aquired immunity | immunity that has been acquired through exposure to an antigen or infectious agent
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| define-toxoid | a toxin that has been rendered harmless but still invokes an antigenic response
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| define-antigen | the meter on cell surfaces that marks the cell as a self cell; stimulates the production of antibodies, can cause an allergic reaction
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| define-antibodies | proteins contained within plasma cells that neutralize or destroy antigens; also known as immunoglobulins
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| define-passive immunity | resistance that has been aquired through a transfer of antibodies from another person or animal or from mother to child
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| define-globulin | proteins that are insoluble in water; immune globules protect against disease- transport proteins
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| define-attenuated | an altered or weakened live vaccine made from disease organism that the vaccine protects against
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| does the diagnosis of cancer mean certain death | no
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| is it important for the body to produce new cells | yes
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| there is no clear evidence that genetics are responsible for cancer | there is no clear evidence
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| which age group is affected more by acute myelogenous leukemia | children
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| erythropoietin stimulates the production of what | RBC
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| what is a nonmalignant neoplasm called | benign
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| what are the three main causes of cancer | environmental contaminants, radiation, and viruses
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| in radiation treatment, which rays are used to treat deep lesions | gamma
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| which type of cancer are antimetabolites often used for treatment | leukemia
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| identify the antimetabolite agents | cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine
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| identify the anitbiotics commonly used in adjunt treatment of cancer | bleomycin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, pentostatin
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| the process of cell devision that cells must perform is | mitosis
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| identify the drugs which are mitotic inhibitors | tenipuside, vinblastine, vincristine, vinurelbine
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| what is the proper order of stages that occur in mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| identify diseases typically treated with alkylating agents | hodgkins disease, retinoblastoma, lyphocytic leukemia, inoperable cancers
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| identify drugs which are nitrosoureas agents | carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin
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| an agent that causes irritation and sloughing of the skin is known as | vesicant
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| what drug stimulates WBC production | filgrastim
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| which drug stimulates RBC production | erythropoietin
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