(All) quality P to NonP; All pure G. >No B are non-G.
Contraposition
Switch position and replace with complement. A and O if limited, but no longer works with E.
All A are B. Some A are B.
Will Show Invalid with diagram
No A are B. Some A are Not B.
Will show Invalid with diagram.
How many circles draw syllagism?
three
Represent first?
Major Premise
Represent second?
Minor Premise
Represent third?
Don't draw in conclusion.
x in area
at least 1 in area
x on a line
don't know, might be in bothor in just one.
curly cues?
nothing. not applicable.
Four Terms
Equivication, Ambiguity, Amphiboly; All A's are B's. All B's are C. Therefore, As are Ds. Look different but different not okay.
Undistributed Middle
middle term not distributed in either premise. All A's are B's. All Cs are Bs. Therefore, All As are Cs.
Distribution: A
All (A) are B
Distribution: E
No (A) are (B)
Distribution: I
Some A are B
Distribution: O
Some A are not (B)
Illicit Major
Premises make no assertion about all mammals, but conclude no cats are mammals. All B's are C's. No A are B. Therefore, No As are Cs.
Illicit Minor
Minor term undistributed; assertion about all opponents of abortion but the premises make no assertion; they say nothing about all abortion opponents.All Cs are Bs. All Bs are As. Therefore, all As are Cs.
Exclusive premise
No, No, therefore No. Avoid two negative premises.
Can we have two Os?
No
Can we have two Es?
No
Affirmative Concl from Neg Premise
All As are Bs. No Cs are Bs. Therefore All As are Cs. If either premise is neg. then the conclusion must be neg.
Valid categorical syllogism with all Is or Os
No matter will get undistributed middle or illcit major
E and I, but what if limited?
A if limited by Some. Conversion does not exist for Boolean.
A and O-Sometimes what?
Sometimes E if limited, no longer works with E.
Relational sides of the square are undone, but...
diagonal contradictory relations remain in force.
First Figure
M-P, S-M
Second Figure
P-M, S-M
Third Figure
M-P, M-S
Fourth Figure
P-M, M-S
Existential Fallacy
A and E>Can't get particular IO All As are Bs All Bs are Cs. Th. Some As are Cs. From two universal premises, no particular conclusion may be drawn.
