Organic Biochem Winter 2008
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Organic Chemistry | The chemistry of compounds of carbon.
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| Functional Groups | An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of predictable physical and chemical behaviors.
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| Alcohol* | A compunds containing -OH (hydroxyl) gorup bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.
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| Hydroxyl Group | An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom
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| Amine* | An organic compound in which one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia are replaced by carbon groups ( RNH2, R2NH or R3N)
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| Amino Group | An -NH2, RNH2, R2NH, R3N group.
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| Carbonyl Group | A C double bond O group.
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| Aldehyde* | A compund containing a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen, a -CHO group.
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| Ketone* | A compund containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups.
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| Carboxyl group | A -COOH group.
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| Carboxylic Acid* | A compound containing the group -COOH group.
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| Ester* | A derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the H of the carbonxyl group is replaced with a carbon group, -COOR
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| Carboxylic Ester | AKA Ester
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| Alkane* | A saturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atomes are arranged in a chain. -CH
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| Hydrocarbon | A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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| Saturated Hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon that contains only C-C bonds
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| Aliphatic Hydrocarbon | AKA Alkane
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| Line Angle Formula | An abbreviated structural formula, in which each vertex and line represents a carbon and each line represents a bond.
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| Consitutional Isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity.
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| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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| Alkyl Group | A group derived by removing a hydrogen from a alkane, given the symbol -R
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| R- | A symbol used to represent an alkyl group
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| -CH3 | Methyl
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| -CH2CH3 | Ethyl
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| -CH2CH2CH3 | Propyl
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| -CHCH3CH3 | Isopropyl
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| Common Nomenclature | Arachic system of naming compounds.
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| Cycloalkane | A saturated hydrocarbon that contains carbon atoms bonded to form a ring.
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| Cyclic Hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbon that form a closed ring.
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| Conformation | Any 3D arranged of atoms in a molecule that results from rotation about a single bond.
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| Envelope Conformation | most stable fonformation of a cyclopentane.
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| Chair Conformation | Most stable conformation of a cyclohexane.
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| Equatorial Position | A position on a chair conformation of a cyclohexane that extends roughly perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring.
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| Axial Position | A position on a chair conformation of a cyclohexane that extends from the ring parallel to the imagainary axis of the ring.
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| Cis-Trans Isomers | Isomers that have the same connectivity but different spatial conformation dute to the presence of a ring or a double bond.
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| Genometic Isomers | AKA Cis-Trans Isomers
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| Stereocenter | A tetratderal atom most commonly a carbon at which exchange of two groups produces a stereoisomer.
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| Configuration | The spatial arrnagement of the atoms.
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| Stereoisomers | Isomers that have the same connectivity but different orientation of their atoms in space.
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| CFC's | Chlorofluorocarbons (air pollutants)
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| Alkane + Oxygen <=> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy | Combustion (Alkane Reaction)
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| Alkane + Halogen <=heat/ligh=> halogen-carbon combination + Hydrocloric Acid | Halogenation (Alkane Reaction
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| Covalent Bonds, | Organic Compounds
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| Gas, Liquid and Solids Forms | Organic Compounds
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| NOT water soluable | Organic Compounds
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| Organic solvant soluable | Organic Compounds
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| Compounds will burn. | Organic Compounds
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| Slow reaction rate. | Organic Compounds
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| Relative Low Boiling Point | Alkanes
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| Alkane with 1-4 carbons | Gas
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| Form of Alkane with 5-18 carbons. | liquids
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| Form of Alkane with 19+ carbons | solid
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| Are Alkanes Water Soluable? | No like oil and water.
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| Are Alkanes hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophobic
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| Alkene* | A unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a C-C double bond.
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| Alkyne* | A unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a C-C triple bond
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| Thermal Cracking | A saturated hydrocarbon is converted to an unsaturated hydrocarbon plus H2 using extreme high temperatures.
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| Alkane = Extreme Heat => Alkene | Thermal Cracking
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| Terpene | A compound whose carbon skeleton can be divided into 2 or more united identical 5 carbon skeleton of isoprene.
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| Regioselectivity Reaction | A reaction in which one firection of bond forming or bond breaking occurs in preference to all other directions.
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| Markovnikov's Rule | In the addition of H(n) or H2O to an Alkene the H adds to the carbon of the double bond having the greater number of H's.
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| Reaction Mechanism | A step by step description of how a chemical reaction occurs
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| Carbocation | A species containing a carbon atom with only 3 bonds to it and bearing a positive charge
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| Hydration | Addition of Water
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| Oxnium Ion | An ion in which oxygen is bonded to 3 other atoms and bears a positive charge
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| Polymer | (many parts) any long chain molecule synthesized by bonding together many single parts called monomers
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| Monomer | (single part) Simplest nonredundant unit from which a polymer is synthesized
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| Peroxide | any compoun that contains an -O-O- bond
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| HDPE | High density polythylene
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| LDPE | Low density polythelyene
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| Aklene + HCl => CH3CH2Cl | Hydrocholoination (Aklene reaction)
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| Alkene + water => CH3CH2(OH) | Hydration (Alkene reaction)
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| Alkene + Bromide => CH2BrCH2Br | Bromination (Alkene reaction)
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| Alkene + Hydrogen => Alkane | Hydrgenation/ Reduction (Alken reaction
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Created by:
jamilah