energy unit
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| energy | the ability to do work
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| kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion
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| potential energy | energy that is stored as a result of position or shape
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| elastic potential energy | the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed
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| electrical energy | the energy associated with electric charges
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| electromagnetic energy | a form of energy consisting of changing electric and magnetic fields
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| energy conversions | the process of changing energy from one form to another
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| entropy | the breakdown of systems
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| chemical energy | the energy stored in the chemical bonds within a substance
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| gravitational potential energy | the potential energy that depends upon an object's height above a reference point
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| mechanical energy | the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects
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| nuclear energy | the energy stored in atomic nuclei
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| law of conservation of energy | can't be created or destroyed
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| thermal energy | The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles of an object
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| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point
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| specific heat | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius
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| calorimeter | Instrument used to measure thermal energy released or absorbed during a chemical or physical change
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| conduction | The transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter, within a material or between materials that are touching
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| thermal conductor | A material that conducts thermal energy well
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| thermal insulator | A material the conducts thermal energy poorly
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| convection | The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another
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| radiation | The transfer of energy by waves moving through space
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| thermodynamics | The study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is conserved
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| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system
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| 3rd Law of Thermodynamics | Absolute zero cannot be reached
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| heat engine | Any device that converts thermal energy into work
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| waste heat | Thermal energy discharged into an area at lower temperature without being converted into useful work.
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