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Music 100 exam

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Harmony   -simultaneous tones -working together  
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Tonality   momentum toward a specific final tone  
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Primary chords   includes three major chords: the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant  
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interval   -distance between 2 frequencies  
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tonic key   main key  
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full cadence   complete pause  
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chord   3 or more tones played together  
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key   12 tones  
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scale   unique set of 7 tones  
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half cadence   incomplete pause  
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chord progression   logical sequences  
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consonance   combination of sounds that feel stable or relaxed  
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major mode   sounds of strength, optimism, and happiness  
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dissonance   combination of sounds that feel tense or unstable  
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modulation   change of key within a musical work  
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minor mode   sounds of pathos, grief, and tragedy  
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baroque period   -1600-1750 -dramatic and energetic -ornate and full of detail -major/minor tonality -terraced dynamics  
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age of reason   -progress in science and mathematics -improved technology = new instruments -system of pitch organization  
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age of absolutism   -absolute monarchs ruled with unlimited power -patronage system [royal court or church]  
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doctrine of affect   music stimulating emotion and mood  
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opera   -reflected ancient greek drama or religious stories -play that is sung  
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recitative   -musically heightened speech -definite speech [sung not spoken] -free rhythm -Ex. Claudio Monteverdi: Orfeo  
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aria   -song like -emphasis on melody and clear meter -Ex. Henry Purcell Dido and Aneas -first opera in English  
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chorus   -creates atmosphere and comments on the action -Ex. Glory to God  
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Camerata   developed the opera in Florence late 1500s  
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dance suite   -multi-movement instrumental composition -Ex. Bach Orchestral Suite No. 3  
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hapsichord   keyboard instrument built during the age of reason  
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concerto   -multi-movement work for orchestra 1-3 soloists -three movements -returning theme: ritornello -Ex. Antonio Vivaldi Four seasons, spring  
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ritornello form   returning theme  
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fugue subject   single theme in a fugue  
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form   refers to the arrangement or organization of the various elements in a work AA or AA'  
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repetition   the immediate restatement of an idea, passage, or section  
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contrast   the presentation of new material, significantly different from what came before A B A  
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return   -like repetition but not immediate -returns after a contrasting section A B A or A B A'  
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variation   restatement of a melody or other structure in which certain elements are in same while others are varies A, A1, A2  
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strophic form   vocal work in which two or more verses of text are sung to the same melody  
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variation form   consists of a main idea called a theme followed by a number of more or less varied restatements of the idea  
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binary form   two large parts that are significantly different from each other  
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ternary form   three clearly defined sections that form an ABA pattern  
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classical period   -1750-1825 -Classical Ideal -natural ideals -simplicity favored -moderation -balance  
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enlightenment   -Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau -Applied reason to social and political problems -developed social contact concept -promoted worth of the individual -anti-authoritarian and secular emphasis  
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franz joseph haydn   -last important court composer -1732-1809 -worked for hungarian court -flourished under the patronage system -knew mozart and taught beethoven -composed symphonies, string quartets, operas, chamber music  
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wolfgang mozart   -1756-1791 -child prodigy -left court position and moved to vienna to be independent composer -died in poverty  
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ludwig van beethoven   -1770-1827 -1st independent composer -moved to vienna in 1792 -composer and performer -defined composer as an artist  
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classical style   -simpler textures: homophonic texture -simpler melodies: even phrases -simple rational forms  
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sonata cycle   -multi-movement blueprint for all instrumental genres -4 sections within: I, II, III, IV  
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sonata form   -consists of three large sections: exposition, development, and recapitulation  
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exposition   -presents the melodies [themes] and tonalities -broken up into 4 parts 1. First theme 2. transition [bridge] 3. Second theme 4. Closing theme  
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development   -intensity, instability, change -explore and examine the ideas from the exposition -Reworks material from exposition (no new themes presented) -Finishes by returning to tonic key  
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recapitulation   -First theme: tonic key -Transition on bridge -Does not modulates -Second theme: in tonic key -Closing theme: in tonic key -Sometimes a Coda  
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coda   -tail -ending added to the recapitulation -emphasize final cadence and drain energy off of the piece  
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symphony   large scale instrumental composition for a full orchestra Ex. Mozart Symphony no. 35 Ex. Beethoven Symphony no 5, I  
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concerto   -for orchestra and soloist  
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string quartet   -two violins, viola, and cello  
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solo sonata   -instrumental soloist with piano accompaniment  
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opera buffa (comic opera)   -reformed serious opera -plots drawn from contemporary life -stories poked fun at human shortcomings -Ex. Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro Act I scene I  
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oratorio   -substitute for opera during lent -story from the bible -not staged -Ex. Frideric Handel: Messiah  
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fugue   -instrumental work based on imitative polyphony -played on a single instrument -Ex. Bach Well Tempered Clavier  
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