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HEENT

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Also known as Singer’s nodule. A benign non-inflammatory reactive change usually localized to true vocal cords.   Laryngeal Nodule  
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Etiology of Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis   Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)  
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Gross and Microscopic features of Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis   Gross: Multiple papillary growths on vocal cords.  
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Prognosis of Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis   High recurrence rate. Usually benign. Very rare development of squamous cell carcinoma.  
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Most common malignant tumor of the larynx   Squamous cell carcinomas. Usually seen in men over the age of 40 years.  
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Risk factors of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma   Cigarette smoking, heavy ethanol consumption  
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(T or F) Glottic squamous cell carcinomas tend to have a higher rate of lymph node metastasis than transglottic tumors.   False  
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Inflammatory swelling of the nasal mucosa. Soft polypoid masses, typically bilateral. Symptoms may include nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.   Inflammatory (Allergic) Polyps  
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(T or F) Inflammatory (Allergic) Polyps is associated with cystic fibrosis   True  
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Presents with nasal obstruction, nasal stuffiness, and epitaxis. Unilateral growth. M>F. Two morphologic subtypes: Fungiform and Inverted.   Sinonasal papilloma  
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(T or F) Fungiform subtype of sinonasal papilloma are typically benign.   True  
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(T or F) Inverted subtype of sinonasal papilloma can progress to squamous cell carcinoma.   True  
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Testosterone-dependent tumor that arises from the fibrovascular nidus in the posterolateral nasal cavity. Typically found in adolescent males.   Angiofibroma  
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Risk factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma   Cigarette smoking and nickel ore exposure  
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Etiology of lymphoepithelium   Strong association with EBV and Asian ancestry  
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Microscopic feature of Lymphoepithelium   (1) Syncytial growth of polygonal epithelial cells with oval vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. (2) Non-neoplastic inflammatory infiltrate (esp. lymphocytes).  
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Microscopic feature of estheioneuroblastoma   (1) nests or sheets of uniform small cells with scant cytoplasm (2) neurofibrillary stroma (3) Homer Wright rosettes  
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Most common neoplasm of salivary glands. High incidence in females than males.   Pleomorphic Adenoma (benign mixed tumor)  
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Most common location of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor   Parotid gland  
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Microscopic feature of pleomorphic adenoma   Admixture of epithelial (glands or cords of small cuboidal cells) and stroma (fibromyxoid +/- cartilaginous differentiation) components  
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(T or F) Malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma can either involve the epithelial and stroma components.   False  
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Microscopic features of Warthin’s tumor   Oncocytic epithelium overlying lymphoid stroma with follicles  
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Most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children   Mucoepidermoid carcinoma  
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Most common tumor of minor salivary glands. Highly malignant tumor that has a high propensity for perineural invasion, greatly limiting the chances for complete surgical excision.   Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma  
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(T or F) Intraparotid lymph nodes only receive metastases from regional primary tumors   False  
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