civis vocabulary
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absentee ballot | one that allows a person to vote without going to the polls on election day
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absolute monarch | a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule his or her people
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acid rain | rain containing high amounts of chemical pullatants
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acquittal | a vote of not quilty
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affirmative action | programs intended to make up for the past discrimination by helping the minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities
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alien | a non citizen
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ambassador | an official representative of a countrys goverment
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amend | to change
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amendment | any change in the constitution
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amnesty | a pardon to a group of people
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anti federalists | those appose to the ratification of the constitution
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antitrust law | legislation to prevent new monopolies from forming and police those that already exist
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apartheid | system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in south africa
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apathy | a lack of interest
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appeals court | a court that reviews decisions made in lower district
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appellate jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court
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apportion | divide among districts
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appropriations bill | legislation earmarking funds for certain purpose
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arbitration | situation in which union and company officials submit the issues they cannot agree on to a third party for a final decision
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archives | files of older stories
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arraignment | a hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty
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articles of partnership | formal legal papers specifying the arrangement between partners
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at large election | an election for an area as a whole; for exsample state wide
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authoritarian | a goverment in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power
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automatic stabilizer | program that automatically provides benefits to offset a change in peoples income
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bail | a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial
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balance of trade | the difference btwn the value of a nations exports and its exports
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balance budget | annual budget in which expenditures equal revenues
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ballot | the list of candidates on which you cast your vote
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bicarmeral | legislature
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bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court
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board of direcrors | people elected by the share holders of a corporation to act on their behalf
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bond | contract to repay borrowed money with interest at a specific time in the future
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boycott | the refusal to purchase certain goods
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brief | a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case
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budget | a plan for making and spending money
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budget resolution | congressional document that shows total spending and revenues for a year and how much will be spent in various categories
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bureaucracy | complex systems with many departments many rules and many people in the chain of command
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business cycle | alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes throught
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cabinet | a group of advisers to the president that includes the heads of 14 top level executive departments
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capital | previously manufactured goods used to make other goods and services
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capitalism | a system in which private citizens own most if not all of means of production and decide how to use them whithin legislated limits
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casework | the work that a lawmaker does to help constituents with a problem
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caucus | a meeting of political party members to cunduct party business
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censorship | the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas
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census | a population taken by the census bearuogh
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central bank | an institution that lends money to other banks,. also the place where the government does its banking busness
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certificate of deposit | timed deposit that states the amount of the deposit maturity and rate of interes being paid
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charter | a written document granting land ant the authority to set up colonial governments or a government document granting permission to organixe a corporation
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charter schools | schools that receive state funding but are excusedfrom meeting many public school regulations
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checking account | an account in which deposited money can be withdraw at any time by writing a check
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checks and balances | a system in which each branck of government is able to check, or restrain the power of the others
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circuit | the area jurisdiction of a federal court of appeals
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citizens | community members who owe loyalty to the goverment and are entiled to protection from it
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city charter | a document granting power to a local government
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civics | the study of the rights and duties of citizens
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civil liberties | freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment
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civil rights | the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law
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civil service system | the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open competitive examinations and merit
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civil service worker | person hired into a federal position
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civilian labor force | all civilians 16 years old or older who are either working or are looking for work
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closed primary | an election in which only the declared menbers of a party are allowed to vote for that partys nominees
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closed shop | company in which only union members can be hired
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cloture | a procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill
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coin | metallic form of money such as pennies, nickels and dimes
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cold war | conflict between usa and the soviet union dating from the later when the 2 contries competed for world influence without declared military action
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collective bargaining | process by which unions and employers neogosiate conditions of employment
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colony | a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere
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command economy | an economic system in which the major economic decisions are made by the central government
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commercial bank | a financial institution that offers full banking services to individuals and businesses
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common law | a system of law based on precedent and customs
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communism | economic system in which the central government directs all major econonic decisions
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community | a group of peolple who share the same interest and concerns
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commute | to reduce a criminals sentenc
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compact | an agreement or contract among a group of people
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comparative advantage | the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost thatn another country can
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competition | the struggle btwn buyers and selllers to get the best products at the lowest prices
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complaint | a formal notice that a lawsuit is being brought
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complement | product often used with another product
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concurrent jurisdiction | authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decde cases
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concurrent powers | powers shared by the state and the federal goverments
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concuring opinion | a statement written by a justice who votes with the majority but for a different reason whith the mayority
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confederation | a group of individiuls or state governments
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constituent | a person from a legislatores district
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constitution | a detailed written plan for goverment
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contitutional | in accordance with the constitution
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constitutional convection | meeting of state delegates 1787 leading to adoption of new constitution
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consttutional monarchy | a system in which the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the countrys constitution and laws
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consumer price index | measure of the change in price over time of a specific group of goods and servises
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consumer sovereignty | the role of consumer as the ruler of the marcket determining qhat products will be produce
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consumerism | a movement to educate buyers abouth the purchses they make
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Created by:
hispanic911
Popular AP Comparative Gov. sets