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civis vocabulary

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Question
Answer
absentee ballot   one that allows a person to vote without going to the polls on election day  
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absolute monarch   a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule his or her people  
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acid rain   rain containing high amounts of chemical pullatants  
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acquittal   a vote of not quilty  
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affirmative action   programs intended to make up for the past discrimination by helping the minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities  
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alien   a non citizen  
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ambassador   an official representative of a countrys goverment  
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amend   to change  
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amendment   any change in the constitution  
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amnesty   a pardon to a group of people  
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anti federalists   those appose to the ratification of the constitution  
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antitrust law   legislation to prevent new monopolies from forming and police those that already exist  
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apartheid   system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in south africa  
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apathy   a lack of interest  
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appeals court   a court that reviews decisions made in lower district  
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appellate jurisdiction   the authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court  
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apportion   divide among districts  
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appropriations bill   legislation earmarking funds for certain purpose  
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arbitration   situation in which union and company officials submit the issues they cannot agree on to a third party for a final decision  
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archives   files of older stories  
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arraignment   a hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty  
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articles of partnership   formal legal papers specifying the arrangement between partners  
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at large election   an election for an area as a whole; for exsample state wide  
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authoritarian   a goverment in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power  
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automatic stabilizer   program that automatically provides benefits to offset a change in peoples income  
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bail   a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial  
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balance of trade   the difference btwn the value of a nations exports and its exports  
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balance budget   annual budget in which expenditures equal revenues  
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ballot   the list of candidates on which you cast your vote  
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bicarmeral   legislature  
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bill of attainder   a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court  
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board of direcrors   people elected by the share holders of a corporation to act on their behalf  
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bond   contract to repay borrowed money with interest at a specific time in the future  
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boycott   the refusal to purchase certain goods  
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brief   a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case  
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budget   a plan for making and spending money  
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budget resolution   congressional document that shows total spending and revenues for a year and how much will be spent in various categories  
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bureaucracy   complex systems with many departments many rules and many people in the chain of command  
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business cycle   alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes throught  
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cabinet   a group of advisers to the president that includes the heads of 14 top level executive departments  
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capital   previously manufactured goods used to make other goods and services  
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capitalism   a system in which private citizens own most if not all of means of production and decide how to use them whithin legislated limits  
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casework   the work that a lawmaker does to help constituents with a problem  
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caucus   a meeting of political party members to cunduct party business  
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censorship   the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas  
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census   a population taken by the census bearuogh  
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central bank   an institution that lends money to other banks,. also the place where the government does its banking busness  
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certificate of deposit   timed deposit that states the amount of the deposit maturity and rate of interes being paid  
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charter   a written document granting land ant the authority to set up colonial governments or a government document granting permission to organixe a corporation  
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charter schools   schools that receive state funding but are excusedfrom meeting many public school regulations  
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checking account   an account in which deposited money can be withdraw at any time by writing a check  
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checks and balances   a system in which each branck of government is able to check, or restrain the power of the others  
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circuit   the area jurisdiction of a federal court of appeals  
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citizens   community members who owe loyalty to the goverment and are entiled to protection from it  
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city charter   a document granting power to a local government  
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civics   the study of the rights and duties of citizens  
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civil liberties   freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment  
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civil rights   the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law  
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civil service system   the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open competitive examinations and merit  
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civil service worker   person hired into a federal position  
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civilian labor force   all civilians 16 years old or older who are either working or are looking for work  
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closed primary   an election in which only the declared menbers of a party are allowed to vote for that partys nominees  
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closed shop   company in which only union members can be hired  
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cloture   a procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill  
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coin   metallic form of money such as pennies, nickels and dimes  
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cold war   conflict between usa and the soviet union dating from the later when the 2 contries competed for world influence without declared military action  
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collective bargaining   process by which unions and employers neogosiate conditions of employment  
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colony   a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere  
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command economy   an economic system in which the major economic decisions are made by the central government  
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commercial bank   a financial institution that offers full banking services to individuals and businesses  
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common law   a system of law based on precedent and customs  
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communism   economic system in which the central government directs all major econonic decisions  
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community   a group of peolple who share the same interest and concerns  
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commute   to reduce a criminals sentenc  
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compact   an agreement or contract among a group of people  
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comparative advantage   the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost thatn another country can  
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competition   the struggle btwn buyers and selllers to get the best products at the lowest prices  
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complaint   a formal notice that a lawsuit is being brought  
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complement   product often used with another product  
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concurrent jurisdiction   authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decde cases  
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concurrent powers   powers shared by the state and the federal goverments  
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concuring opinion   a statement written by a justice who votes with the majority but for a different reason whith the mayority  
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confederation   a group of individiuls or state governments  
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constituent   a person from a legislatores district  
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constitution   a detailed written plan for goverment  
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contitutional   in accordance with the constitution  
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constitutional convection   meeting of state delegates 1787 leading to adoption of new constitution  
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consttutional monarchy   a system in which the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the countrys constitution and laws  
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consumer price index   measure of the change in price over time of a specific group of goods and servises  
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consumer sovereignty   the role of consumer as the ruler of the marcket determining qhat products will be produce  
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consumerism   a movement to educate buyers abouth the purchses they make  
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Created by: hispanic911
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