| Flap 1 |
 |
|
| Flap 2 |
|
|
| Aerial hyphae/mycelium |
hyphae above the agar surface |
| Alternate |
used to describe arthroconidia in a chain separated by cells which break down to release the conidia |
| Anamorph |
asexual, ”imperfect” reproductive stage |
| Annellide |
a conidiogenous cell which elongates and leaves a scar ring with the production of each conidium |
| Anthropophilic |
dermatophytes that are restricted to human hosts |
| Antler hyphae |
hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers |
| Arthroconidium |
conidia formed in chains by the breaking up of a hyphae at the point of septation. The resulting cell may be rectangular or barrel shaped and thick or thin walled, depending on the genus. |
| Ascocarp |
fruiting structure of the sexual reproductive stage with internally formed asci |
| Ascospore |
sexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus. Commonly there are 4 to 8 ascospores in an ascus. |
| Ascus |
a sac like structure that contains ascospores |
| Aseptate |
hyphae without cross walls. Characteristic of Zygomycetes. |
| Biseriate |
a vesicle in Aspergillus bearing two layers of cells - metulae and phialides |
| Blastoconidium |
conidium formed by budding along a hyphae, pseudohyphae, or single cell, as in the yeasts. |
| Chlamydospore |
thick-walled somewhat resistant structure formed at end of hyphae (terminal) or in the middle of hyphae (intercalary). Also a vesicle formed by Candida albicans. |
| Clamp connection |
small, curved hyphal outgrowth at a septum forms a looped bridge between two adjacent cells. Formed only in Basidiomycetes. |
| Clavate |
club-shaped |
| Cleistothecium |
round or oval sexual fruiting body without an opening and with asci irregularly dispersed in centre |
| Collarette |
flared or straight-sided cell wall remnant at the tip of a phialide or base of a columella |
| Columella |
dome-shaped top of a sporangiophore, contained in a sporangium |
| Conidiogenous |
structure that produces conidia |
| Conidioma |
an asexual, conidium-bearing structure |
| Conidiophore |
specialized hyphal structure that serves as a stalk on which conidia are formed |
| Conidium (pl. conidia) |
asexual reproductive structure that forms externally on the side or the end of the hyphae or conidiophore |
| Cottony texture |
high dense aerial mycelium |
| Dematiaceous |
hyphae, conidia, or spores that are brown to black |
| Denticle |
small hair-like projection on which a solitary conidium is formed |
| Dichotomous |
branching of hyphae into two equal branches that are each equal in diameter to the hyphae from which they originated |
| Dimorphic |
having two distinct forms. Usually grow filamentously under environmental conditions and convert to special parasitic form (often yeast) in vivo. |
| Ectothrix |
infection around the outside of the hair shaft |
| Endospore |
spore produced within the spherule of Coccidioides immitis |
| Endothrix |
infection with arthroconidia within the hair shaft |
| Exudate |
droplets of liquid on the surface of a colony |
| Favic chandeliers |
hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers. Typical of Trichophyton schoenleinii. |
| Faviform |
blunt, branched hyphal ends |
| Foot cell |
in Aspergillus, a hyphal cell at the conidiophore base. |
| Geophilic |
usually recovered from soil, occasionally infect humans and animals |
| Glabrous |
smooth; without or almost without aerial hyphae. |
| Globose |
round |
| Granular |
dense conidia on surface of colony; resembling sugar granules |
| Hulle cell |
refractile, thick-walled cell, varying in shape, which occurs in some Aspergillus species |
| Hyaline |
not pigmented, colourless. |
| Hyphae |
septate or aseptate filament of a fungus; many together compose the mycelium. |
| Intercalary |
forming in the middle of a hyphae |
| Metulae |
branch upon which a conidiogenous cell is borne; on a vesicle in Aspergillus or terminal branches in Penicillium |
| Microconidium |
the smaller of two types of conidia produced by the same fungus |
| Moniliform |
hyphae with swellings at regular intervals like a string of beads |
| Muriform |
having both transverse and longitudinal septa |
| Nodular bodies |
knot of twisted hyphae |
| Onychomycosis |
infection of the nails |
| Ostiole |
opening in wall of fruiting body through which conidia are released |
| Ovoid |
egg-shaped |
| Pectinate |
hyphal ends which have protuberances resembling a comb |
| Pedicel |
short filament which attaches a conidium to the hyphae |
| Penicillus |
brush-like conidiogenous structure with 1-3 levels of branches called metulae and a terminal phialide |
| Perithecium |
flask-shaped or rounded fruiting body with opening (ostiole) and asci arranged at base of structure |
| Phialide |
flask shapped conidiogenous cell which neither elongates nor enlarges |
| Powdery texture |
profusion of conidia on surface of colony; resembles flour |
| Pseudohyphae |
chains of cells formed by budding that, when elongated, resemble true hyphae; they differ from true hyphae by being constricted at the septa, forming branches that begin with a septation, and having terminal cells smaller than the other cells. |
| Pycnidium |
conidioma in which conidiogenous cells line the interior cavity and are released through an opening or ostiole; formed by Coelomycetes |
| Pyriform |
pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped |
| Racquet hyphae |
hyphae with club-shaped cells, the larger end of one cell being attached to the smaller end of an adjacent cell. |
| Reflexive branching |
branches that grow forward and backward at acute angles to the hyphae |
| Rhizoid |
root-like, branched hyphae |
| Rugose topography |
colony in which furrows radiate out from the centre |
| Sclerotium |
hyphae closely interwoven and cemented together into a hard resistant body |
| Scotch Tape Mount |
The scotch tape mount is used for examining the microscopic structures of filamentous fungi. With forceps pick up a piece of clear, transparent tape and touch the surface of the colony. Place the tape onto a drop of mounting media on a slide; add another |
| Septate |
having cross walls |
| Sessile |
arising from side of hyphae or conidiogenous cell |
| Spherule |
large, round structure containing endospores; characteristic of Coccidioides immitis in infected host material under direct microscope examination. Spherules do not grow on routine artificial mycology media. |
| Spiral hyphae |
hyphae forming coiled or corkscrew-like turns |
| Sporangiophore |
specialized hyphal branch or stalk bearing a sporangium |
| Sporangiospore |
asexual spore produced in a sporangium |
| Sporangium |
closed sac-like structure in which asexual spores (sporangiospores) are formed. The sporangium is borne on a stalk known as the sporangiophore. |
| Stolon |
horizontal, aerial (runner) hyphae which gives rise to rhizoids and sporangiophores |
| Sympodial |
a succession of conidia formed on opposite sides of hyphal stalk so that the axis pushes past the terminal conidium to form a zig-zag structure |
| Teleomorph |
sexual reproductive stage of a fungus |
| Thallus |
fungal colony, mycelium |
| Truncate |
conidium with a scar flattened off at the point of attachment |
| Umbonate topography |
colony with centre button-shaped elevation |
| Uniseriate |
in Aspergillus, a vesicle bearing a single layer of phialides |
| Velvety texture |
low aerial mycelium with smooth nap, as in velvet cloth |
| Verrucose topography |
colony furrowed or convoluted |
| Verticil |
group of conidiogenous cells radiating out from a single point like spokes in a wheel |
| Vesicle |
inflated end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore |
| Woolly texture |
colony with high aerial mycelium which appears slightly matted |
| Yeast-like colony |
soft, pasty, smooth colony; usually without filamentous growth |
| Zoophilic |
found primarily in animals, occasionally infect humans |
| Macroconidium |
larger of two types of conidia produced by the same organism; usually is multicelled |
