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Cardiology Terms

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Question
Answer
Focus   location from which impulse arises  
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Hypertrophy   enlargement of portion of the heart without increase in chamber size  
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Infarction   necrotic tissue due to sustained period of interrupted blood flow  
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Infranodal   located within the SA or AV nodes  
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Injury   portion of damaged myocardium capable of partial recovery  
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Inotropic   influencing cardiac contractility and force  
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Ischemia   reduced oxygenated blood flow to portion of cardiac tissue which may be transient or reversible with early treatment and intervention  
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Isoelectric   flat line on EKG graph indicating no electrical variations  
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Multifocal   describes PVC's that originate from multiple locations  
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Necrosis   dead tissue from insufficient oxygenated blood flow  
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Paroxysmal   sudden or abrupt onset of dysrhythmia  
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Pathologic   indicating disease of abormality  
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Precipitating   factors that contribute to a condition or disease state  
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Preload   measurement of amount of tension on ventricular muscle fibers prior to contraction  
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Quadrigeminy   ectopic beat occurring every fourth complex  
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Reciprocal   refers to EKG changes observed in an opposite lead  
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Reentry   source of ectopic beats caused by a single electrical impulse reentering portion of tissue for second or subsequent time  
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Refractory   inability to respond to electrical impluses  
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Repolarization   process by which a cell is restored to a ready state  
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Retrograde   process by which a cell is restored to a ready state  
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Stroke volume   amount of blood pumped by left ventricle each beat  
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Supraventricular   refers to portion of heart from bundle branches to SA node  
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Systole   contraction and subsequent movement of blood through ventricles  
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Tachycardia   rapid heart rate, typically greater than 100 beats / minute  
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Thrombolytic   substance that breaks down or dissolves a thrombus  
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Thrombosis   blood clot within a vessel that has potential to restrict flow  
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"Tombstone T Wave"   hyperacute T wave resembling the shape of a tombstone; often seen early in development of MI and usually associated with ST elevation  
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Transcutaneous   refers to pacing patches applied to skin of chest wall  
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Transmural   pertaining to infracted area penetrating through full thickness of myocardium  
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Transvenous   internal pacemaker inserted directly into heart via vein  
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Trigimenal   ectopic complex arising every third beat  
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Triphasic   single waveform that has three observable phases  
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Unifocal   arising from single ectopic focus  
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Vector   magnitude and direction of wave of deplorization  
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Voltage   height or depth of waveform measure in millimeters  
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Abberent   occasional abnormal intraventricular conduction of supraventricular impulses  
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Accessory pathway   abnormal conduction tract between the atria and ventricles  
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Action potential   electrical changes in the myocardial cell membrane during the depolarization and repolarization of a cardiac cycle  
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Amplitude   the height of a waveform or complex measured in millimeters on the ECG graph paper  
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Anterograde   electrical conduction of an impulse in a forward direction  
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Antiarrythmic   refers to medications that attempt to abolish, control or prevent dysrhythmias and ectopic impulses  
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Arteriosclerosis   hardening of arteries and loss of elasticity  
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Atherosclerosis   condition caused by an accumulation of debris along the intimal layer of arteries  
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Atrial kick   normal contraction of the atria with movement of blood into the ventricles during diastole  
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Automaticity   the ability of a cell to depolarize spontaneously  
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Automatic rate   rate at which a dominant or escape pacemaker normally initiates electrical impulses  
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Axis   position of the heart within the thoracic cavity  
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Bigeminy   ectopic complexes occurring every other complex  
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Bipolar   includes leads I, II and III. These leads record the potential between two points on the body; also called stranded limb leads  
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Bradycardia   slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute  
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Capture   appropriate timing of a pacemaker to depolarize the myocardium  
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Cardiac output   the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute; measured in liters / minute; calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate  
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Chronotropic   influencing heart rate  
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Compensatory pause   a pause following a premature complex which allows the SA node to continue at its preset rhythm  
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Conductivity   property of a cardiac cell to transmit electrical impulses  
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Contractility   ability of cardiac cells to shorten when stimulated  
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Couplet   two consecutive PVC's  
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Demand   pacemaker mode that initiates an impulse only upon failure of atria or ventricles to fire within a preset time  
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Depolarization   electrical process of discharging a resting cardiac cell  
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Diastole   period of relaxation of atria and ventricles; period where heart chambers and coronary arteries fill with blood  
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Diphasic   refers to single waveform that has two observable phases  
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Dissociation   occurs when pacemakers of atria and ventricles are functioning independently  
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Ectopic   beat or rhythm originating from site other than SA node  
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Equiphasic   QRS complex that is relatively equal in positive and negative deflections relative to isoelectric line  
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Escape   complex or rhythm initiated when underlying rhythm slows to less than the escape pacemaker's automatic rate  
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Fascicle   pertaining to intraventricular bundle brances  
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