Cardiology Terms
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Focus | location from which impulse arises
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Hypertrophy | enlargement of portion of the heart without increase in chamber size
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Infarction | necrotic tissue due to sustained period of interrupted blood flow
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Infranodal | located within the SA or AV nodes
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Injury | portion of damaged myocardium capable of partial recovery
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Inotropic | influencing cardiac contractility and force
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Ischemia | reduced oxygenated blood flow to portion of cardiac tissue which may be transient or reversible with early treatment and intervention
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Isoelectric | flat line on EKG graph indicating no electrical variations
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Multifocal | describes PVC's that originate from multiple locations
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Necrosis | dead tissue from insufficient oxygenated blood flow
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Paroxysmal | sudden or abrupt onset of dysrhythmia
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Pathologic | indicating disease of abormality
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Precipitating | factors that contribute to a condition or disease state
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Preload | measurement of amount of tension on ventricular muscle fibers prior to contraction
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Quadrigeminy | ectopic beat occurring every fourth complex
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Reciprocal | refers to EKG changes observed in an opposite lead
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Reentry | source of ectopic beats caused by a single electrical impulse reentering portion of tissue for second or subsequent time
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Refractory | inability to respond to electrical impluses
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Repolarization | process by which a cell is restored to a ready state
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Retrograde | process by which a cell is restored to a ready state
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Stroke volume | amount of blood pumped by left ventricle each beat
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Supraventricular | refers to portion of heart from bundle branches to SA node
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Systole | contraction and subsequent movement of blood through ventricles
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Tachycardia | rapid heart rate, typically greater than 100 beats / minute
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Thrombolytic | substance that breaks down or dissolves a thrombus
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Thrombosis | blood clot within a vessel that has potential to restrict flow
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"Tombstone T Wave" | hyperacute T wave resembling the shape of a tombstone; often seen early in development of MI and usually associated with ST elevation
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Transcutaneous | refers to pacing patches applied to skin of chest wall
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Transmural | pertaining to infracted area penetrating through full thickness of myocardium
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Transvenous | internal pacemaker inserted directly into heart via vein
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Trigimenal | ectopic complex arising every third beat
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Triphasic | single waveform that has three observable phases
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Unifocal | arising from single ectopic focus
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Vector | magnitude and direction of wave of deplorization
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Voltage | height or depth of waveform measure in millimeters
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Abberent | occasional abnormal intraventricular conduction of supraventricular impulses
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Accessory pathway | abnormal conduction tract between the atria and ventricles
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Action potential | electrical changes in the myocardial cell membrane during the depolarization and repolarization of a cardiac cycle
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Amplitude | the height of a waveform or complex measured in millimeters on the ECG graph paper
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Anterograde | electrical conduction of an impulse in a forward direction
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Antiarrythmic | refers to medications that attempt to abolish, control or prevent dysrhythmias and ectopic impulses
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Arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries and loss of elasticity
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Atherosclerosis | condition caused by an accumulation of debris along the intimal layer of arteries
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Atrial kick | normal contraction of the atria with movement of blood into the ventricles during diastole
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Automaticity | the ability of a cell to depolarize spontaneously
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Automatic rate | rate at which a dominant or escape pacemaker normally initiates electrical impulses
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Axis | position of the heart within the thoracic cavity
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Bigeminy | ectopic complexes occurring every other complex
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Bipolar | includes leads I, II and III. These leads record the potential between two points on the body; also called stranded limb leads
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Bradycardia | slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute
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Capture | appropriate timing of a pacemaker to depolarize the myocardium
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Cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute; measured in liters / minute; calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate
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Chronotropic | influencing heart rate
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Compensatory pause | a pause following a premature complex which allows the SA node to continue at its preset rhythm
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Conductivity | property of a cardiac cell to transmit electrical impulses
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Contractility | ability of cardiac cells to shorten when stimulated
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Couplet | two consecutive PVC's
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Demand | pacemaker mode that initiates an impulse only upon failure of atria or ventricles to fire within a preset time
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Depolarization | electrical process of discharging a resting cardiac cell
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Diastole | period of relaxation of atria and ventricles; period where heart chambers and coronary arteries fill with blood
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Diphasic | refers to single waveform that has two observable phases
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Dissociation | occurs when pacemakers of atria and ventricles are functioning independently
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Ectopic | beat or rhythm originating from site other than SA node
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Equiphasic | QRS complex that is relatively equal in positive and negative deflections relative to isoelectric line
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Escape | complex or rhythm initiated when underlying rhythm slows to less than the escape pacemaker's automatic rate
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Fascicle | pertaining to intraventricular bundle brances
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