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Mr. Hardcastle's 7th Grade Texas History Flashcards

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
geography   the study of the earth, its physical features, and its people  
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trend   a general movement toward change over the course of time  
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climate   the expected weather condition at a place,usually over a period of years  
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census   a periodic count of the population  
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drought   a lond period of dryness that causes damage to crops or, prevents their growth  
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precipitation   moisture that falls from the sky in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail  
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reservior   an artificial lake where water is collected for use  
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landforms   a feature of the earths surface, such as a hill, valley, river, or plain  
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relative location   the postion of a place, or in comparsion, to another place  
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absolute location   the exact postion of a place on the earth  
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physical environment   the external surrondings and conditions in which something exists  
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migrate   to move from one place to another  
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region   geographical area characterized by shared features  
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latitude   the location north or south of the equator  
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longitude   the location east or west o the prime meridrian  
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hemisphere   one half on the earth, divided by the equator into northern and sothern halves  
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equator   the imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude that divides the earth into a northern half, northern hemishphere, and a southern half, the southern hemisphere  
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prime meridian   the imaginiary line at 0 degrees longitude  
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scale   the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance it represents  
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cartographer   a person who makes maps  
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projection   the transfer of an image of curved surface onto a flat surface  
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physical map   a general-purpose map that shows the natural features of an area  
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topography   the physical features of the arths surface and their relationship to one another in terms of location and elevation  
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polictical map   a general-purpose map that shows recognized boundaries in an area  
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physical-polictical map   a general-purpose map that shows both the topogrphy and recongiezed boundaries of an area  
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legend   a explanation of a maps symbol and scale  
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plains   a wide area of flat or gently rolling land  
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physical geography   the physical features of the earths surface  
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human geography   the features of the earth that are created or changed by humans  
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settlement   a place where people live  
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tributary   a stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water  
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subregion   a smaller division of a geographic region  
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escarpment   a cliff or aprupt break in the land's surface  
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growing season   the average number of days between the last killing frost of spring and the first killing frost of fall  
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steppe   a vast, treeless plain  
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aquifer   an underground layer of porous rock containing water  
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metropolitan area   a city and all the areas around it that depends on the central city  
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suburb   a smaller community just outside a city  
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industry   the activity of making of preparing products for sale  
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per capita income   the average amount of income per person per year in a given area  
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heritage   beliefs and customs that people get from their ancestors  
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5 largest cities in Texas   Houston, San Antonio, Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth  
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Three Historic Time Periods   Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Late Prehistoric  
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Prehistoric   Before written history  
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Culture   the pattern of knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and traits that characterize a group of people  
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extinction   state or condition of no longer existing  
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Civilization   a culture with a complex social structure and developments such as cities, trade, govenrment, art, writing, and science  
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Meso America   an area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America  
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Aztecs   developed a complex numbering system  
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social sturcture   the way a society is organized  
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nomads   one who moves from place to place with no permanent home  
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Karankawas   rubbed aligator or shark grease on their bodies to ward off insects  
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adobe   a brick or other building material made of sun-dried earth and straw  
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Europeans   thought of the Native Americans as inferior and made them give up their way of life  
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treaties   contract or agreement between nations or peoples  
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Diseases   Killed off many of the Native Americans  
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Buffalo   most important animal to the Native Americans  
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descendant   a person born of a certain family or group  
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expedition   a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite purpose  
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Columbus three ships   Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria  
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4   Number of voyages Columbus took  
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colony   a land claimed for and controlled by a distinct nation  
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October 12, 1492   Land was first sighted by Columbus and his men  
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Bahamas   present day location where Columbus first landed  
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King and Queen who funded Christopher Columbus' voyages   Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand  
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conquistadors   a Spanish explorer who searched for wealth and land in the Americas  
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First European to observe the Texas coast   Alvarez de Pineda  
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Cabeza de Vaca   First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas  
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Viceroy   governor of a colony who rules in the name of the king  
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Friar   person belonging to one of the religious brotherhoods of the Roman Catholic faith  
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pueblo   Native American village of houses built of adobe, or sund dried brick of straw and clay  
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Coronado   reached Palo Duro canyon  
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1682   First Spanish Mission in Texas  
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Corpus Christi de la Ysleta   first spanish mission near present day El Paso  
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mission   Spain's main tool to colonize Texas  
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missionary   one who is sent to do religious or charitable work in a territory of foreign country  
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La Salle   claimed Louisiana for King Louis 14th  
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buccaneer   a pirate, especially one who preyed on ships during the 1600's  
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failed to record the exact location of the mouth of the Mississippi River   The mistake La Salle made  
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Who killed La Salle   his own men  
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Alonso de Leon   named several rivers in Texas including the Nueces, Medina, and Hondo Rivers  
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presidio   a miltary post or fortified settlement in an area under Spanish control  
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1718   mission San Antonio de Valero is established (present day Alamo)  
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Chicken War   war between France and Spain that included chickens  
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St. Denis   married the presidio commander's granddaughter  
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de Aguayo   sent to reestablish Spanish authority in East Texas  
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Canary Islanders   built the first school in Texas  
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alliance   an association between people to advance their common interests  
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hacienda   a large estate or ranch in Spanish territory  
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4 types on Spanish settlements   missions, presidios, towns, ranches  
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Daily life in the missions consisted of....   prayers, instruction in Catholic faith, eating, working  
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commissary   a store where military personnel can buy equipment and food  
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civil settlements   a village made up of people who were neither priests nor soldiers  
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vaqueros   a livestock herder or cowhand  
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liberation   the act of becoming free  
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Father Hidalgo   called for liberation from the Spanish crown, "Grito De Delores'  
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January 22, 1811   Las Casas declares the Mexican state of Texas independent from Spain  
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G.T.T.   Gone to Texas  
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Anglo-American   people whose ancestors moved from one of many European countries to the United States and who now share a common culture and language  
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immigrant   a person who comes to a country to settle  
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empresario   an agent who makes all arangements to bring settlers to a colony  
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filibuster   an adventurer who engages in a private rebellious activity in a foreign country  
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George Morgan   first empresario to recruit settlers from the U.S.  
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Philip Morgan   first filibuster in Texas  
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Stephen F. Austin   first filibuster in Texas  
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1803   Louisiana Purchase  
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1607   Jamestown  
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location of Jamestown   Virginia  
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important crop in Jamestown   tobacco  
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the lost colony   roanoke  
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Tejano   a person of Mexican descent living in Texas  
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Missouri   place where the Spanish allowed Anglo Americans to settle  
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15 million   cost of the Louisiana Purchase  
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Two things the settlers had to do to be allowed to settle in Spanish territory   pledge loyalty to Spain, and practice Catholic faith  
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Muldoon Catholics   dishonest converts who became Catholic only to obtain land  
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"Mother of Texas"   Jane Long  
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"Father of Texas"   Stephen F. Austin  
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"Grandfather of Texas"   Moses Austin  
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