| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Frontalis (head) | Action: Draws scalp anteriorly, located n top of forehead |
| Occipitalis (head) | Action: Draws scalp posteriorly, located at back of head |
| Temporalis (head) | Action Elevation of mandible |
| Masseter (head) | Action: Elevation of mandible |
| Orbicularis Oris (head) | Action: Closes the mouth and protacts lips. Think whistle |
| Orbicularis Oculi (head) | Action: Closes and squints the eyelids |
| Platysma (neck) | Action: Draws up the skin of superior neck and chest. Think dickie. Movement is up and down. Most superficial of neck muscles |
| Sternocleidomastoid (neck) | Also known as SCM. Bilateral action is flexion of the neck. Unilateral action is lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck |
| Bilateral | Action when both paired muscles work in unison |
| Unilateral | When only on of a pair of muscles is used |
| Scalenes (Anterior, Middle and Posterior) (neck) | Action: Bilaterally flexion of the neck. Unilateral action is lateral flexion of the neck |
| Pectoralis Major (chest) | Action: Adduction and medial rotation of arm |
| Pectoralis Minor (chest) | Action: Protraction and depression of scapula |
| Serratus Anterior (chest) | Action: Protraction of scapula |
| Rectus Abdominus (abdomen) | Action: Flexion of trunk. Think 6 pack. |
| External Obliques (abdomen) | Action: Bilatterally is flexion of the trunk. Unilatterally action is lateral flexion of the trunk and contralateral rotation of trunk |
| Contralateral | Muscle action to opposite side of the body |
| Ipsilateral | Action to same side of body. Hint, only happens with 3 muscles |
| Internal Obliques (abdomen) | Action: Bilaterally is flexion of trunk. Unilateral action is lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk |
| Transverse Abdominus (abdomen) | Action: compression of abdominal contents Produces no movement. |
| Trapezius (middle and lower)(back) | Layer 1 of back |
| Latissimus Dorsi (back) | Layer 1 of back |
| Rhomboids (back) (major and minor) | Layer 2 of back |
| Erector Spinae (includes Spinalis Longissimus and Iliocostalis) (back) | Layer 4 of back |
| Trapezius (upper) (posterior neck) | Layer 1 of neck |
| Levator Scapulea (neck) | Layer 3 of neck |
| Erector Spinae (longissimus and Iliocostalis) (neck) | Layer 3 of neck |
| Spinalis (neck) | Layer 3 of neck |
| Quadratus Lumborum (back) | Layer 4 of back |
| 1 | 3 |
