| Front |
Back |
| Embryology |
The formation of basic structures of the body; 2nd-8th week |
| Development |
Maturation using basic plan est. during embryogenesis; incl. pre- & post- natal periods |
| Teratology |
Study of causes of birth defects |
| Gametogenesis |
Production of the 2 cells required for generation of new individual |
| What is the purpose of Meiosis? |
1. To reduce chromosome # by 1/2 2. Two cell divisions w/ 1 round of DNA replication 3. 1st division reduces chromosomes from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid) |
| Primary germ cells divide by what? |
Meiosis |
| How many gametes are produced by 1° spermatocyte (males)? |
4 gametes |
| How many gametes are produced by 1° ooctye (females)? |
1 gamete |
| Spermatogenesis |
Process of prod. of male gamete & modifying it to perform reprod. function |
| Purpose of Spermatogenesis? |
1. Takes place in SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 2. Begins at puberty & continues throughout life 3. 1° spermatocytes by meiosis I produce 2° spermatocytes; 2nd meiotic division 2° spermatocytes=2 spermatids 4. Undergo spermiogenesis |
| Spermiogenesis |
Converts immature spermatids to mature spermatozoan |
| Process of Spermiogenesis |
1. Spermatids lose most of their cytoplasm 2. Nucleus condenses 3. Acrosome forms which contains the enzymes needed for fertilization 4. Flagellum develops, necessary for motility 5. Process takes 64 days |
| Oogenesis |
Formation of the female gamete |
| Process of Oognesis |
1. Takes place in ovary 2. Process begins during prenatal develop. 3. Oogonia divide by meiosis I to produce 1° oocytes and replicate DNA 4. By birth 1° oocytes surrounded by sngl layer of follicular cells and stopped at Meiosis I |
| Primary germ cells (1° ooctyes) in females are produced prior to when? |
Prior to birth |
| 1° ooctyes |
Remain dormant till puberty (10-14 yrs) and OMI Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor released by follicular cell; at puberty 1 oocyte/month matures and is released from ovary; 2nd Meiotic division only completed if FERTILIZATION takes place |
| Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis BOTH: |
Produce haploid (23) gametes & Produce MATURE gametes beginning puberty |
| Diff. in oogenesis & spermatogenesis |
Oogenesis: 1.No stem cell in ovary after birth 2. 1°ooctye=1 mature gamete 3. Large, nonmotile 4. 1 mature gamete prod./month 5.Prod. only till ~50 SPERMATOGENESIS: 1.Spermatogonia present AFTER birth 2. 1°sprmatocyte=4 gametes 3.Small;motile lots prod |
| Types of abnormal gametes |
Chromosomal & Morphological |
| Types of Abnormal Chromosomal Gametes |
Nondisjunction (Trisomy, Monosomy); Translocations; Deletions |
| Nondisjunction |
A chromosomal anomaly that happens when chromosomes don't separate as they normally should. Two Types: Trisomy-3 copies of chromosomes; Monosomy-1 copy of a particular chromosome |
| Translocations |
Chromosomes are damaged & repaired but repaired incorrectly |
| Deletions |
Large or small segment of chromosomes is lost |
| Types of Morphological anomalies |
Sperm: two heads or tails; nonmotile Oocytes: 2 oocytes in 1 follicle; 1 ooctye w/ more than one nucleus (binucleate) |
Science Vocab 147928
