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Physicists

Physicists You Gotta Know

DescriptionNameNationality and Dates
Laid foundations of science of electrodynamics, discovered in 1820 magnetic effects of electric currents, gave name to basic unit of electric current Ampere French, 1775-1836,
Discovery that led to isolation of radium and beginnings of modern nuclear physics. 1903 Nobel for radioactivity Becquerel French, 1852-1908
Extended theory of atomic structure when he explained spectrum of hydrogen by means of atomic model and quantum theory Niels Bohr Danish, 1885-1962
Wrote Sceptical Chymist, defined chemical element as limit of chemical analysis, and defined law that stated that pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional Robert Boyle Irish, 1627-91
Worked on magnetism and radioactivity. Invented the term radioactivity. Isolated polonium and pure radium Marie Curie Polish, 1867-1934
Gave complete mathematical formulation of Einstein's relativity theory in his PRinciples of Quantum Mechanics Paul Dirac English, 1902-84
Special and general theories of relativity and formulation of mass-energy equation Albert Einstein German-Swiss-American, 1879-1955
Invented alcohol and mercury thermometers, temp scale named after him, first to show that boiling point of liquids varies at different atmospheric pressures Fahrenheit German, 1686-1736,
Creator of classical field theory, great experimental physicist, discovered electromagnetic induction, laws of electrolysis, rotation of polarized light by magnetism Michael Faraday English, 1791 - 1867,
Determined velocity of light by revolving mirror method, proved that light traveled more slowly in water than in air, gyroscope, used freely suspended pendulum to prove that earth rotates Jean Foucault French, 1819-1868
Proposed and proved theorem that all falling bodies, descend with equal velocity, convinced of truth of Copernican heliocentric theory Galileo Italian, 1564-1642,
Verified Maxwell's predictions of discovery of electromagnetic waves, which, excepting wavelength behave like light waves, unit of frequency named after him Hertz German, 1857-94
Formulated eponymous law of extension and compression of elastic bodies, invented microscope, and build first Gregorian telescope Hooke English, 1635-1703
In optics, first propounded undulatory theory of light, discovered polarization, eponymous principle is part of wave theory, discovered the laws of collision of elastic bodies Huygens Dutch, 1629-93
Laid foundations for theory of conservation of energy, experiments in heat which he showed a form of energy, unit of work of energy is named after him, With Kelvin he devised an absolute scale of temperature Joule English, 1818-1889
Proposed absolute temperature scale named for him, established second law of thermodynamics, also invented tide predictor and harmonic analyzer Kelvin Irish-born, Scottish, 1824-1907
Influenced Einstein, contributed to science of projectiles and gave name to ratio of speed of flow of gas to speed of sound and to angle of shock wave to direction of motion, both named for him Mach Austrian, 1838-1916
Great theoretical physicist, worked on theory of electromagnetic radiation, provided mathematical treatment of Faraday's theory of electrical and magnetic forces Maxwell Scottish, 1831-79
Gravitation theory, discovered differential calculus independent of Leibniz, discovered that white light is composed of many colors Newton English, 1642-1727
Formulated eponymous exclusion principle that no two electrons can be in the same energy state simultaneously Pauli Austrian-born American, 1900-58
Worked on laws of thermodynamics and black body radiation led to formulation of quantum theory, postulating energy changes occuring in violently abrubt instalments or quanta Max Planck German, 1858-1947
His work led to revolutionary concept of atom as miniature universe with nucleus surrounded by planetary electrons, predicted existence of neutron Rutherford New Zealand-born British, 1871-1937
Originated study of wave mechanics as part of quantum theory with his celebrated wave equation Schrodinger Austrian, 1887-1961
Pioneer of nuclear physics who discovered the electron, demonstrated that corpuscles (electrons) comprising cathode rays were nearly 2,000 times smaller in mass than lightest-known particle, hydrogen ion Thomson English, 1856-1940
First to discover fundamental principles of hydromechanics and to describe barometer or tube named after him, greatly improved telescopes and microscopes Torricelli Italian, 1608-47
Inventor of electric battery whose name is given to the unit of electric potential difference, developed theory of current electricity and made studies of heat and gases Volta Italian, 1745-1827
Created by: betsynewmark
 

 



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