Psych Ch. 1

Description:	Basics and History of Psychology
Category:	Psychology
Created by:	swimifishi on 2007-08-28

Question	Answer
Materialism	John Watson, there is no mind, there is only a physical world.
Idealism	George Berkley, there is no physical world, everything is mental.
Aristotle	Believed that the heart loved and experienced emotions. Believed heavier objects fall faster, proven wrong by Galileo Galilei
Dualism	Descartes, there is a mind and a body
Psychophysical Parallelism	Subset of dualism, both ming and body exist, but do not interact.
Epiphenomenalism	subset of dualism, brain events cause mental events but mental events are like a side effect--> problem is that thoughts can not affect behavior if true
Interactionism	subset of dualism,Brain and mind influence each other equally.
Double aspectism	Mind and brain are two aspects of a human being, like a coin
Rene' Descartes	one experience leads to an opinion as a whole
Eight critical thinking guidelines Consider other interpretations	alternative explanations of a phenomenon can occur
Eight critical thinking guidelines Tolerate Uncertainty	Sometimes there is no answer
Empirical Evidence	Laboratory experiments, careful measurements, and scientific observations
What psychologists do	Teach and conduct research in colleges and universities. They provide health or mental health services, conduct research in nonacademic settings, or for a combination.
Where psychologists work	Hospitals, schools, testing, private practice, clinics, counseling centers
Basic and applied psychological research Basic	seeks knowledge for its own sake ex. research
Basic and applied psychological research Applied	uses research for practical applications
Non clinical specialties in psychology Experimental	conduct studies of motivation, emotion, sensation, perception, and learning
Non clinical specialties in psychology Educational	look for ways to improve educational systems
Non clinical specialties in psychology Developmental	study how people change and grow over time
Non clinical specialties in psychology Psychometric	Wundts first official prof. of psych. found that all sensory nerves are not equivalent, each carry their own info, called doctrine of specif. nerve energies Was a vitalist believing living things contain a vital force
Non clinical specialties in psychology Industrial/organizational	study behavior in the workplace
Psychological practitioners Clinical	diagnose, treat, study mental or emotional problems
Paul Broca	did autopsies and discovered that speech disorders are due to damage to the frontal lobe of cerebral hemisphere on left side
Broca's Aphasia	language disorder due to destruction of frontal lobe and they have problems with production of speech
Carl Wernick and Wernick's aphasia	located in temporal lobe damage to that area results in comprehension and they can't understand what is being said to them
Misch and Hitzig	did experiments on dogs, first ppl to electronically stimulate animals brain, found that front of cerebral hem. is responsible for motor movement.
David Ferrier	stimulated animals braind electrically found 15 diff. motor movements in a monkey, used ablation on back of monkey's brain then ablated part of the angular gyrus
Herman Helmholtz	materialist, Johannes Miller was mentor tested motor nerves in frogs and sensory nerves in humans.
Red Green and Blue	You can see color by mixing these three colors Helmholtz believed in a trichromatic theory that maybe our eyes have only red green and blue color receptors
Gustav Fechner	founder of psychophysics Re-wrote Weber's Results AI-just noticeable difference I- physical intensity of standard K- constant
Fechner's Law	S=KlogI I-physical intensity S-perceived intensity as you increase physical intensity of stimulus the perceived intensity will also increase, but as a log arthmic function like a candle in the dark and day light, in dark you see it better day u dont