Chapter 14-Upper GI

Description:	Bontrager-Chapter 14-Upper Gastrointestinal System
Category:	Radiology
Created by:	kristinalyn on 2007-02-12

Question	Answer
Alimentary canal from beginning to end	oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
digestive accessory organs	salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
3 primary functions of the digestive system	intake and/or digestion, absorption, elimination
What is the study of the Pharynx and Esophagus called?	Esophagram or Barium Swallow
WHat is the study of the distal Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum called?	Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGI) or Upper GI
Preferred Contrast Medium	Barium Sulfate
Connects posteriorly to the pharynx	Oral cavity/ mouth
Oral cavity accessory organss	salivary glands
chewing	mastication
swallowing	deglutition
glands that secrete saliva	parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Saliva is ___% water and ___% solutes	99.5% water and 0.5% solutes
The trachea is to the epiglottis.	anterior
3 parts of the pharynx	nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
During the process of deglutition, what is done to prevent substances from being regurgitated through the nose or going down the larynx?	the soft palate closes off the nasopharynx and the epiglottis is depressed to cover the laryngeal opening
3rd part of the alimentary canal that terminates at the stomach	Esophagus
narrowest portion of the alimentary canal	swallowing tube
2 indentations present on the esophagus (descending, posterior to mediastinum)	1. at the aortic arch 2. where the esophagus crosses left primary bronchus
Esophagus passes through the diaphragm slightly to the ____ and _____ to the midpoint.	left, posterior
abdominal segment of the esophagus, measures between 1 and 2 cm	cardiac antrum
opening between esophagus and stomach	Esophagogastric junction/ Cardiac orifice
Peristalsis	wavelike series of involuntary muscle contractions propelling solid and semi-solid material through the alimentary canal
How would you compensate for peristalsis while taking a radiograph?	use a faster time
Most dilated portion of the alimentary canal	stomach
notch directly superior to the cardiac orifice	cardiac notch
opening leaving the distal stomach	pyloric orifice
curvature on the medial border of the stomach, forms a concave border	lesser curvature
curvature that is 4 to 5 times greater than the other	greater
3 stomach subdivisions	fundus, body or corpus, pyloric portion
portion of the stomach that lies lateral and superior to the cardiac orifice	fundus
lower end of the stomach, seperating the body from the pylorus	angular notch
2 parts of the pyloric portion	pyloric antrum, pyloric canal
numerous longitudinal gastric folds	rugae
2 positions that will show barium in the fundus	AP/ LPO
3 positions that will show air in the fundus	erect/ PA/ RAO
shortest, widest and most fixed portion of the small bowel	duodenum
What is the romance of the abdomen	the head of the pancreas fits into the c-loop of the duodenum
4 parts of the duodenum	superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
what is the junction of the duodenum and the jejunum called?	duodenojejunal flexure
What holds the duodenaljejunal flexure in place?	ligament of treitz
2 divisions of digestion	mechanical process and chemical component
result of stomach contents mixing and churning into a semi-fluid mass	chyme
gastric emptying takes approx. ______hours.	2-6
foods with a high _________content pass through faster than foods with high _____ or _______.	carbohydrates, fat, protein
______ _______ in the small intestine helps to facilitate absorpion	rhythmic segmentation
Peristalsis is stronger in the _______ and _______. It is weaker in the _______.	esophagus, stomach, small intestine
6 different classes of chmical digestion	carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
complex sugars	carbs
fats	lipids
_______ speed up chemical digestion. they are found in the _______, _____,	enzymes. salivary glands in mouth, small bowel, stomach and pancreas