Meyers Chapter 6

Description:	AP psychology chapter 6 vocab
Category:	Psychology
Created by:	saylah on 2007-02-11

Question	Answer
Memory	the mental capacity or faculty of retaining and reviving facts, events, impressions, etc., or of recalling or recognizing previous experiences.
Flashbulb memory	A flashbulb memory is a memory laid down in great detail during a personally significant event, often a shocking event of national or international importance. These memories are perceived to have a "photographic" quality
Encode	to convert a message or information into code
Store	to accumulate or put away, for future use
Retrieve	to recover something from memory
Sensory memory	ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. It refers to items detected by the sensory receptors which are retained temporarily in the sensory registers and which have a large capacity for unprocessed info.
Short-term memory	sometimes referred to as "primary," "working," or "active" memory, is that part of memory which stores a limited amount of information for a few seconds
Long-term memory	is memory, stored as meaning, that can last as little as 30 seconds or as long as decades. It differs structurally and functionally from working memory or short-term memory, which ostensibly stores items for only around 30 seconds.
eposodic memory	memory for specific events in time
semantic memory	refers to knowledge about the external world, such as the function of a pencil
Proceedual memory	refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil or ride a bicycle. This type of memory is encoded and probably stored by the cerebellum and the striatum.
rehearsal	the act of repeating or relating something so it will not be lost in memory.
Hermann Ebbinghaus	German psychologist who pioneered experimental study of memory, and discovered the forgetting curve and the learning curve.
spacing effect	way of memorizing by spacing information accordingly instead of trying to cram it in quickly.
chunking	the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
automatic processing	doing things you don't have to think about, that come naturally like walking.
Effortful processing	recalling information after a long break
Serial position effect	tendency to remember things that happened first and last but forget things in the middle
Recentcy effect	tendency to remember the most recent things that happened
Primacy effect	tendency to remember the first things that took place and forget the information in the middle.
acoustic encoding	learning by hearing information
visual encoding	attaching meaning from a visual item
semantic encoding	knowing the definition of words
ionic memory	remembering visual stimuli
echodic memory	remembering auditory stimuli
implict memory	retention of independant concious recollection
priming	activating parts of particular representations or associations in memory just before carrying out an action or task
Attention	the selection of some incoming information for further pr.ocessing
Rote rehearsal	retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over.
Automaticity	through rote rehearsal repetive memorization that becomes memory to perform a task flawlessly.
Elaborative rehearsal	the linking of new information in short term memory to familiar memories stored in long term memory.
Schema (schemata)	A set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past expirences or long-term memory.
Declarative memory	episodic or semantic merories that we can put into words.
Emotional memory	learned emotional responses to various stimuli.
Decay theory	theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting.
Korsakoff's syndrom	chrongic alcoholism that leads to amnesia caused by a vitamen deficentency in a poor diet.
retrograde amnesia	the inabiltiy to recall events preceeding an accident or injury by without loss of earlie memory.
proactive interference	the proccess by which new information interferes with information already in memory studied by paired-associcate learning.
cue-dependant forgetting	when enviormental cues that were present during learning but absent during recall the effect to remember is less successful.
state-dependant memory	infulenced by enviormemntal cues, our ability to accuratly recall information is effected by internal cues.
Mnemonics	techniques used to make material easier to remember.
Autobiographical memories	form an episodic memory refers to recollection of events that have taken place in one's life.
Temproal landmarks	special reference points in one's life that play an important role in organizing autographical memories.
Event clusters theory	material and events that are causally related or similar in content are embedded into a common event cluster.
Childhood amnesia	the difficulty adults have remembering expirences from their first two years of life.
recovered memories	a person forgets something then remembers usually under hypnosis or psychotherapy.