| Question |
Answer |
| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is |
osteoporosis |
| A major difference between bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in |
The composition of the intercellular substance of bone |
| the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true |
All bone in the body is covered by periosteum |
| the following factors is NOT believed to affect bone growth |
Increased intake of protein |
| During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in |
connective tissue membranes |
| Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone |
calcitonin |
| Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe |
the development of bone |
| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of |
a cartilage model. |
| the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system |
Hormone production |
| increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone |
The bones would be more flexible. |
| Long bones differ from flat bones in that long bones |
have epiphyses |
| The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of |
yellow marrow |
| The cells that maintain mature compact bone are |
osteocytes. |
| The lacunae of bone contain |
osteocytes |
| The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to |
endochondral ossification |
| The two types of osseous tissue are |
compact bone and spongy bone. |
| When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones |
grow longer |
| When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone |
long bones have reached their adult length |
| Intramembranous ossification |
begins within a connective tissue membrane |
| A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the |
diaphysis. |
| Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as |
interstitial growth. |
| Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through |
canaliculi. |
| Spongy bone contains all of the following except |
true osteons. |
| The bones in the long axis of the body make up the |
axial skeleton. |
| the following is a canal-like passageway |
meatus |
| the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness |
It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it. |
| the following structures is made of elastic cartilage |
the epiglottis |
| The menisci of the knee are made of |
fibrocartilage. |
| the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage |
Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage. |
| bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull. |
Sesamoid |
| All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones except |
vitamin D. |
| A narrow slit-like opening in a bone is referred to as a |
spine |
| the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone |
perforating |
| the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult |
the sternum |
| Bone forming cells originate from |
osteoprogenitor cells. |
| A Haversian system is the functional unit of |
lamellar bone. |
| The twisting of a long bone is prevented by |
circumferential lamella |
| It is currently thought that sacrificial bonds between_______ provide resilience to bone tissue. |
collagen molecules |
| Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of |
calcium and phosphates |
| 65% of bone mass is composed of |
hydroxyapatites. |
| In the human embryo, before eight weeks the skeleton is composed of |
fibrous membrane |
| type of bone only has primary ossification centers |
short bones |
| In month three of endochondral ossification, the first structure to be formed is a collection of elements known as the ____________ that invades the bone cavities present at this time. |
periosteal bud |
| Every week we recycle _____ of our bone mass. |
5% |
| the following statements about osteoclasts is incorrect |
Osteoclasts only reabsorb old bone matrix. |
| the following hormones' primary function is to regulate bone density |
leptin |
| If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what is the most likely disease to develop in the nursing infant?\\ |
ricket |
| the following fractures would be the most likely not to heal |
a comminuted fracture |
| alendronate help treat osteoporosis |
It suppresses osteoclast activity. |
| All bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull are developed by endochondral ossification except the |
clavicle |
| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is osteomyelitis. |
False |
| Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength |
True |
| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model. |
False |
| Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism. |
True |
| Mature bone cells are called chondrocytes |
False |
| Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity. |
False |
| Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification |
False |
| Secondary ossification centers occur in the center of the diaphysis. |
False |
| The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes. |
False |
| The hormone calcitonin functions to decrease the calcium ion in the blood. |
True |
| The most abundant mineral in the human body is calcium. |
True |
| The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process. |
False |
| The shaft of the long bone is called the diaphysis. |
True |
| The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from a limited range of directions is compact bone. |
True |
| Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone. |
False |
| Osseous tissue is avascular. |
False |
| Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length. |
False |
| A metacarpal is an example of a long bone |
True |
| An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle. |
True |
| Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid. |
False |