| Muscles - upper leg, back, hip | Origin | Insertion | Action |
| Gluteus maximus | ilium sacrum coccyx | femur | hip extension (move thigh to the rear) |
| illipsoas hip flexor made up of 2 muscles (iliacus+psosas major) | ilium & lumbar vertebrae | femur | hip flexion & lateral rotation of thigh |
| Adductor Brevis (short) Adductor Longus- Adductor Magnus | pubis and ischium | femur | Brevis/longus - hip adduction, flexion & rotation - Magnus hip adduction flexion, extension & medial rotation |
| gluteus minimus | ilium | femur | hip abduction (moving away from centreline of body) |
| gluteus medius | ilium | femur | hip abduction (move leg away from centreline of body) |
| rectus abdominus | pubis | ribs and sternum | thoracic and lumbar forward flexion |
| external obliques | lower 8 ribs and pelvis | crest of pelvis & mid line of rectus adominus | lateral flexion of the vertebrae (rotate torso/stablizes abdomen) |
| transverse absominus (deep) | ilium, lumbar vertebrae, last 6 ribs | sternum and pubis | compress the abdomen (acts as a natural weight belt keeping insides in) |
| erector spinea | ilium, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae | cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae and the ribs | lumbar and thoracic vertebrae extension |
| latissimus dorsi (largest muscle of the back) | thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, last 6 ribs, sacrum and ilium | humerus | shoulder adduction (pulls arm down towards pelvis) |
| internal obliques | iliac crest | ribs | compresses the abs - vertebrae lateral flexion (singularly) |
| multifidus (lies underneath erector spinea) | sacrum ilium & vertebrae | all above | verebral extension & rotation |
| quadratus lumborum - lower back base of spine | ilium | ribs & lumbar vertebrae | vertebral flexion & stabilisation |
