| Question | Answer |
| origin of the muscle... | fixed end of the muscle attached to the bone that does not move as the muscle contracts. Contracting muscles move towards the origin |
| insertion of the muscle | the insertion is attached to the bone that moves as the muscle contracts. When a muscle contracts the insertion moves towards the origin. |
| opposing muscle to the tricep is the | bicep |
| opposing muscle group to the pectoralis major | trapezius/rhomboids |
| opposing muscle to the rectus adominus | erector spinea |
| opposing muscle to the hip flexors/rectus femoris | gluteus maximus |
| opposing muscle to the triceps | biceps |
| opposing muscle to the pectoralis major | trapezius/rhomboids |
| oppossing muscle group to rectus adominus | erector spinea |
| opposing muscle to the hip flexors/rectus femoris | gluteus maximus |
| opposing muscle group to the quadriceps | hamstrings |
| opposing muscle to the tibialis anterior | gastrocemius/soleus |
| opposing muscle to the deltoids | latissimus dorsi |
| the main muscle responisble for a movement is called the | agonist/prime mover |
| the opposite muscle that relaxes is called the | antagonist |
| muscles that help the movement are called | synergists |
| these muscles contract isometrically to stop movement what are they called | fixators |
| type one muscle fibres are which colour | red |
| type two fibres are which colour | white |
| what speed are the white fibres | fast twitch |
| what speed are the red fibres | slow twitch |
| white twitch have they got endurance and aerobic capacity | no |
| have red twitch got endurance and aerobic capacity | yes |
| have red twitch got strength and anaerobic capacity | no |
| flexion | decreasing the angle at a joint as in bending the knee |
| extension | the return of flexion increasing the joint angle as in straightening the knee |
| lateral flexion | bending to the side of the mid line of the body |
| lateral extension | the return of lateral flexion straightening to the mid line of the body |
| hyper extension | straightening beyond a person's natural range |
| horizontal flexion | decreasing the joint angle, bending on a horizontal plane, pulling the arms together across the chest as in a pec deck exercise |
| horizontal extension | the return of horixontal flexion as in straightening on a horizontal plan |
| abduction | taking a body part away from the mid line of the body as in lifting the arm or leg to the side |
| adduction | the return of abduction bringing a body part towards the midline of the body |
| rotation | one bone moving around another as in turning the head from side to side or twisting from the waist |
| circumduction | a large cone shaped circular movement possible at the hip and the shoulder |
| plantar flexion | pointing toe down |
| dorsi flexion | pointing toe up |
| elevation | lifing of the shoulder girdle as in shrugging |
| depression | the return of elevation lowering of the shoulder girdle |
| What does isometric mean? | a static contraction, there is no change in the length of the muscle and no joint movement involved. e.g pushing against a wall. |
| What does isotonic mean? | Dynamic or moving contraction. The muscle becomes shorter and fater and there is a movement at the joint it crosses. e.g. the upward and downward phase of a bicep curl. |
| Concentric and eccentric are related to what? | The two phases of an isotonic contraction. |
| Isometric muscle contractions: | useful in injury rehabilitation require less space requires little or no equipment |
| isotonic muscle contractions | develops strength through full range of movement develops motor fitness nerve to muscle co-ordination suitable for all levels of fitness |
| concentric phase is ... | when the muscle contracts to overcome a resistance and shortens. It is sometimes referred to the lifting positive or hard work pahse of an exercise eg the upward phase of the bicep curl. |
| eccentric phase is... | when the muscle is still contracting and lengthens. It is sometimes referred to as the lowering or negative or easier phase of exercise. |
