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Pharm Block 4

PCSOM Block 4 Pharm

AntibioticDrug ClassMech of ActionResistanceAdverse EffectsClinical usesPharmacokinetics
Penicillin G B-Lactam: Penicillins; natural penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Narrow Spectrum; Gram Positive & Treponema Depot form - Treponema; Distribution - penetrates boness & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - organic cid secretory system of kidney (adjust doses in renal failure)
Penicillin V B-Lactam: Penicillins; natural penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Narrow spectrum; Gram positive & Treponema Oral only; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - organic cid secretory system of kidney (adjust doses in renal failure)
Methicillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antistaphylococcal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Narrow Spectrum; MSSA, strepts, staph epidermidis Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Nafcillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antistaphylococcal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Narrow Spectrum: MSSA; strepts; staph epidermidis Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Ampicillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; amino penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Broad Spectrum: ENTEROCOCCI, strepts, Gram + rods, LISTERIA, N. MENINGITIDIS, ACTINOMYCES Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Amoxicillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; amino penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Broad Spectrum: ENTEROCOCCI, strepts, Gram + rods, ACTINOMYCES Oral/IV/IM; Absorption - almost completely absorbed (not effective for enteritis) Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjust in renal failure)
Carbenicillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid) IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Ticarcillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid) IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Piperacillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid) IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Mezlocillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid) IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Aziocillin B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid) IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Imipenen/Cilastatin B-Lactam: Carbapenems (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Aztronam B-Lactam: Monobactams (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Vancomycin Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Bacitracin Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Clavulanic acid B-Lactamase Inhibitors Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Sulbactam B-Lactamase Inhibitors Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Tazobactam B-Lactamase Inhibitors Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics (blank) (blank) (blank) (blank)
Cefazolin B-Lactam: 1st Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. NARROW SPECTRUM: Gram+ cocci: STREPT; Gram neg rods: E. coli, Klebsiella, proteus (PEcK) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cephalexin B-Lactam: 1st Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. NARROW SPECTRUM: Gram+ cocci: STREPT; Gram neg rods: E. coli, Klebsiella, proteus (PEcK) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefaclor B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefoxitin B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefuroxime B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefamandole B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefoperazone B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefotaxime B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
ceftazidime B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefriaxone B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct. VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone) IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
Created by: spurrp
 

 



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