| muscle |
cranial nerve |
muscle action |
|
|
|
| velopharyngeal sphincter |
X Vagus |
protrudes and elevates pharyngeal wall--contributes to velopharyngeal closure |
| salpingopharyngeus |
pharyngeal plexus innervated by X & XI |
elevates pharynx |
| stylopharyngeus |
IX glossopharyngeal |
elevates & opens pharynx, esp. during swallowing |
| cricopharyngeal m. |
pharyngeal plexus innervated by X & XI |
seals/opens esophagus (must relax to swallow) |
| Superior, middle & Inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
pharyngeal plexus innervated by X & XI |
narrows pharynx |
| musculus uvulae |
pharyngeal plexus innervated by X & XI |
raises velum in superior & posterior direction, shortens/bunches uvula |
| levator veli palatini |
pharyngeal plexus innervated by X & XI |
raises velum |
| tensor veli palatini |
V trigeminal |
tenses velum (contributes to velopharyngeal closure) |
| superior longitudinal muscle |
XII hypoglossal |
raises tip of tongue |
| Inferior longitudinal muscle |
XII hypoglossal |
tip of tongue down |
| hyoglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
retracts or depresses tongue, elevates hyoid |
| chondroglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
depresses tongue |
| vertical lingual m. |
XII hypoglossal |
flattens and depresses tongue |
| genioglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
depresses, flattens tongue |
| anterior genioglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
retracts tongue tip |
| posterior genioglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
protrudes tongue |
| palatoglossus |
X Vagus |
elevates rear of tongue, pulls tongue back to groove, depresses velum forms anterior faucial pillar |
| digastric |
V trigeminal & VII facial |
depresses mandible or elevates hyoid |
| geniohyoid |
XII hypoglossal |
depresses mandible or elevates hyoid |
| mylohyoid |
V trigeminal |
depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid |
| platysma |
VII facial |
depresses mandible, corner of mouth & wrinkles skin of neck and chin |
| lateral pterygoids |
V trigeminal |
protrudes mandible, also moves laterally, implicated in bruxism |
| medial pterygoids |
V trigeminal |
raises & protrudes mandible, also moves laterally |
| temporalis |
V trigeminal |
raises & retracts mandible, implicated in bruxism & teeth clenching, maintains rest position of jaw when upright |
| masseter |
V trigeminal |
strongest craniomandibular muscle, elevates mandible against maxilla, moves mandible laterally |
| mentalis |
VII facial |
elevates & wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip |
| levator labii superior |
VII facial |
elevates upper lip |
| levator labii superioris alaeque nasi |
VII facial |
elevates upper lip, flares nostril |
| zygomatic minor |
VII facial |
elevates upper lip & dilates mouth opening |
| levator anguli oris |
VII facial |
elevates angle of upper lip--up and medially |
| zygomatic major |
VII facial |
draws corner of mouth up and back ("smile muscle") |
| depressor anguli oris |
VII facial |
depresses & retracts lower lip ("triangular muscle"), depresses corners of mouth |
| depressor labii inferior |
VII facial |
depresses lower lip |
| palatopharyngeus |
pharyngeal plexus from X & XI |
depresses velum or elevates larynx & pharynx, narrows faucial isthmus (forms post. faucial pillar) |
| transverse muscles |
XII hypoglossal |
narrows & lengthens, lifts sides of tongue |
| orbicularis oris |
VII facial |
puckers/closes mouth |
| risorius |
VII facial |
retracts corners of mouth |
| buccinator |
VII facial |
flattens cheek |
| styloglossus |
XII hypoglossal |
retracts tongue |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
