| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Innervation |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis |
Medial calcaneal tuberosity and central part of plantar fascia |
Middle phalanx of toes 2-5 |
Flexes lateral four toes, Supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches |
Medial Plantar Nerve (L5-S1) |
| Lumbricals |
Sides of FDL tendon |
Medial side of proximal phalanx and dorsal EDL tendon of toes 2-5 |
Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex metatarsal phalangeal joints |
Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1) and Lateral Plantar nerve (S1-S2) |
| Soleus |
Posterior head and proximal 1/3 of body of fibula and soleal line |
Achilles tendon onto posterior calcaneus |
Plantar flexes foot |
Tibial Nerve (S1-S2) |
| Gastrocnemius |
Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur; medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle |
Achilles tendon onto posterior calcaneus |
Plantar flexes foot, Flexes knee |
Tibial Nerve (S1-S2) |
| Tibialis Posterior |
Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper 2/3 of medial surface of fibula and interosseus membrane |
Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus), bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals and spring ligament |
Plantar flexes and inverts foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot |
Tibial Nerve (L5-S1) |
| Tibialis Anterior |
Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane |
Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal |
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus |
Middle 3/5 of posterior surface of tibia |
Base of distal phalanges of lateral four toes |
Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes |
Tibial Nerve (L5-S1) |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus |
Lower two thirds of posterior fibula and interosseus membrane |
Base of distal phalanx of big toe |
Flexes distal phalanx of big toe |
Tibial Nerve (L5-S2) |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus |
Middle half of anterior shaft of fibula |
Base of distal phalanx of great toe |
Extends big toe and assists dorsiflexion |
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus |
Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of bod of fibula, interosseus membrane |
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 |
Extends toes and assists dorsiflexion |
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Fibularis Tertius |
Distal 1/3 of anterior shaft of fibula |
Base of 5th metatarsal |
Dorsiflexes and everts foot |
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Fibularis brevis |
Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula |
Base of 5th metatarsal |
Plantarflexes and everts foot |
Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Quadratus Plantae |
Lateral tuberosity of calcaneus, medial side of calcaneus |
Lateral border long flexor tendons |
Flexes toes 2-5 |
Lateral Plantar (S1-S2) |
| Plantar Interossei |
nferomedial shafts of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsals |
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsalsMedial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes |
Adduct 3rd 4th and 5th toes, Assist lumbricals in extending interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints |
Lateral Plantar (S1-S2) |
| Adductor Hallucis |
Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals. Transverse head: plantar metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament |
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral sesamoid |
Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe |
Lateral Plantar |
| Dorsal Interossei |
Sides of the metatarsal bones |
Bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of medial side of 2nd toe and lateral sides of 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes |
Abduct 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes, Assist in extending IP joints while flexing MP joints |
Lateral Plantar (S1-S2) |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi |
Lateral plantar calcaneus and plantar fascia |
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th metatarsal |
Flexes and abducts 5th toe |
Lateral Plantar (S1-S2) |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi |
Base of 5th metatarsal |
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe |
Flexes MP joint of little toe |
Lateral Plantar (S1-S2) |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis |
Cuboid, lateral cuneiform and tibialis posterior tendon |
Medial and Lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe |
Flexes MP joint of big toe |
Medial Plantar (L5-S1) |
| Abductor Hallucis |
Medial calcaneal tuberosity and plantar fascia |
Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of big toe |
Flexes and abducts big toe |
Medial Plantar (L5-S1) |
