| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| confederation | a political system in which states or regional governments retain ultimate authority except for those powers they expressly delegate to a central government |
| unitary | a centralized governmental system in which local or subdivisional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central government |
| Duel Federalism | a system of government in which the states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres |
| checks and balances | a major principle of the American government system whereby each branch of the government exercises a check on the actions of others |
| Bicameral | American government is made up of 2 parts |
| Impeachment | an action by the house of representatives and the senate to remove the president, vice president, or civil officers of the United states from office for commiting “Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors” |
| Enumerated powers | powers specifically mentioned in the constitution |
| Block Grants | federal programs that provide funds to state and local governments for general functional areas, such as criminal justice or mental-health programs |
| Implied powers | Powers not specifically in the constitution, necessary and proper or elastic clause |
| The Great Compromise | The compromise between the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia plan plans that created one chamber of congress based on population and one chamber representing each state equally, also called the Connecticut compromise |
| Treason | giving aid to a nation’s enemies, or starting war against the US |
| Concurrent powers | powers held jointly by the state and national government |
| Necessary and proper (elastic) clause | grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers |
| Cooperative Federalism | the theory that the states and the national government should cooperate to solve problems |
| Quartering | housing of soliders during war |
| Unicameral | a legislature with only one legislative body, Nebraska |
| socio-economic traits at the convention | all men, all white, all rich, and highly educated, either southern plantation owners, bankers, or merchants |
| Artiles of Confederation | first legal form of government, supposed to be weak, legislature |
| Extradition | criminal flees from one state and is caught in another |
| Fundamental Orders | part of the mayflower compact, against king George, leader's powers are limited |
| types of trade | with foreign nations, amount several states, with indian tribes/ intrastate, interstate |
| intrastate trade | trade outside of the state |
| interstate trade | trade within the state |
| Virginia Plan | more power to national government, army, print $, control trade, tax |
| New Jersey Plan | status quo, national government should be weak, state should be strong |
| Federalist papers | 85 essays in defense of the constitution, Alexander hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay |
| Formula Grant | federal government gives money for everyone in the states that fit a certain catergory |
| mayflower compact | 1st from of government in our counry, means democracy for christian white men, only time we have democracy in our country |
| Tyranny of majority | ex. more men, no women, found in the mayflower compact |
| Roosevelt | expands the powers of national government, starts "The Entitlement Program", starts fiscal federalism |
| Entitlements | money to help people in need (social security, food stamps, etc) |
| Federalism | relationship between national and state governments |
| Ex Post Facto | can't be accused of a crime if it wasn't a crime when you committed it |
| Bill of Attainder | congress can't pass a law that punishes one specific person |
| 10th amendment | any power not enumerated in the national government goes to the state government |
| Fiscal Federalism | when national government gives some money to the states and demand the states spend that money on that problem, most important |
| Marxism | never existed in its fullest state, no private property, no institutions, belongs to everyone |
| Catergorial Grant | liberal, most popular |
| Fascism | specific form of racism, deals with countries- heritage, needs a leader, give yourself to the government, uniformity |
| Militia | only states can have, part time soldiers, now known as the national guard, called into service for emergencies |
| Great Society | program, series of laws- medicare, medicaid, safety caps, head short, food stamps |
| Supreme court | original and appellate juristiction |
| supreme law of the land | constitution, laws passed by congress, treaties |
| great depression | 1932, ends cooperative federalism, gives national government more power |
| socialism | government controls means of production and removes economic discrimnation |
| coin money | congress has the ability, exclusive power of the national government |
| Declaration of independence | complaints about king george, seeing the nation as unified instead of as separate states |
| Natural laws | natural rights held to be inherent in natural law, not dependent on governments, John Locke stated that it is superior to human law, Life liberty and property |
| Full Faith and credit | federalism in the constitution, taken from the articles of confederation, every other state's public acts, records, and judicial proceedings |
| Reagan | got more federal programs started, block grants, and welfare programs, personal responsibility |
| Nixon | impeached, watergate scandal, vietnam war |
| Fundamental Orders | staying away from King George, republic, levies/taxes, free speech, electing reps,seperation of powers |
| ratification process | federalist papers- anti federalists wanted to prevent constituion from being___, they were the status quo |
| states rights | reserved powers- extradition, intrastate trade, election process, health and public welfare, amendment 10 |
| GI bill | 1944, rpovided for college or vocational education for returning World War 2 veterans as well as one year of unemployment compensation |
| amendment process | have to be approved by congress, presidental veto, can get approved anyway with 2/3 vote |
| indirect voting | electorial college- we choose reps who in turn choose prez |
| madison | wrote federalist papers 10,51 |
| Requirements for federal office | president appoints supereme court justices, ambassadors, and other gov. officials |
| Government mandates | telling people how to spend money |
