Palmer Micro 3

Description:	Gm+/- cocci, Gm- rods.
Category:	Chiropractic
Created by:	FierceEyes on 2006-05-26

Indicator(s)	Organism(s)
Gm+, alpha-hemolytic, lancet-shaped, quellung positive	Strep pneumoniae
Stys	Staph aureus
Pyoarthritis from disseminated infections	Staph aureus
UTI in elderly	Staph epidermidis
UTI in adolescent girls	Staph saprophyticus
Neonatal sepsis	Group B Strep agalactiae
PID	Neisseria gonorrhea
macular rash and petechial hemorrhages	fulminant meningococcemia - Neisseria meningitidis
Organisms present in blood, nasopharyngeal swab, very few in CSF	Neisseria meningitidis
Carrion’s disease	Bartonella Bacilliformis
oroya fever	Bartonella Bacilliformis
sand flies	Bartonella Bacilliformis
Cat scratch fever	Bartonella henselae
Trench fever	Bortonella quiltana
Passive immunity by mother/Natural immunity by 8 years old	Haemophilus influenzae
Soft, painful chancres in genital region	Haemophilus ducreyi
Soft, painless chancres in genital region	Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Soft chancres in genital region	Haemophilus ducreyi OR Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Cause meningitis (NOT late onset neonatal sepsis)	haemophilis infulenzae, neisseria menigitidis, strep pneumoniae, moraxilla
Late onset neonatal sepsis meninigitis	strep B (agalactiae)
Causes pneumonia	Strep pneumoniae, haemophilis influenzae, staph aureus, peptostreptococci
Quellung positive	haemophilis influenzae, strep pneumoniae, neisseria menigitidis
Condition from the release of endotoxin by bacteria killed by an antibiotic	Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis	Erythromycin to kill B.pertussis, then continued antibiotics to prevent pneumonia
catalase +, facultative anaerobes, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic	STAPH
teichoic acid	STAPH
protein A	Antiphagocytic - STAPH
mucus membrane pathogens	Neisseria, Haemophilus, Moraxella
Most common staph	Staph aureus
Golden yellow pigment on solid media, white to orange colonies	Staph aureus
Mannitol +	Staph aureus
Coagulase +	Staph aureus
Ribitol teichoic acid	Staph aureus
Gm+, produces enterotoxin	Staph aureus
Abscess formation	Staph aureus
Encrusted pustules on superficial layers of skin	Impetigo - Staph aureus/Strep A (pyogenes)
pyoarthritis	Disseminated infection of staph aureus or PID in Neisseria gonorrhea
acute bacterial endocarditis	staph aureus
subacute bacterial endocarditis	staph epidermidis
most common endocarditis	strep viridans
all bacterial endocarditis causes	Staph aureus, staph epidermidis, strep viridans, strep A (pyogenes), strep D (fecalis), moraxella (branhamella catarrhalis)
sandpaper texture, streaking of skin on joint lines, can start to peel	Scalded skin syndrome - staph aureus
High fever, vomiting, diarrhea, peripheral circulatory collapse, tampons	TSS - staph aureus
Acute vomiting, mild cramps, no fever, 2-6 hours after ingestion	Food poisoning - staph aureus
White colonies	Staph epidermidis
Glycerol teichoic acid	Staph epidermidis
Glycerol and or rubitol teichoic acid	Staph saprophyticus
Gm+ chained cocci, non-motile, catalase –, facultative anerobes	STREP
Hyaluronic acid capsule	STREP
Protein F	fibronectin binding - STREP
Lactic acid fermentors	STREP
Group A	Strep pyogenes
M, T, and R antigens	Strep A (pyogenes)
beta-hemolytic, bactracin sensitive	Strep A (pyogenes)
M-protein	Antiphagocytosis - Strep A (pyogenes)
Strep A hemolysins	Streptolysin S (O2 STABLE) and O (O2 SENSITIVE)
Most common pharyngitis	Strep A (pyogenes)
Scarlet Fever	Strep A (pyogenes)
pyoderma (impetigo)	Staph aureus, Strep A (pyogenes)
cellulitis	Strep A (pyogenes)
Rheumatic fever	Strep A (pyogenes)
Acute glomerulonephritis	Strep A (pyogenes)
Strep group B	Strep agalactiae
Beta-hemolytic, bactracin resistant, normal oral/vaginal flora	Strep B (agalactiae)
Sialic acid capsule	Strep B (agalactiae)
5 serotypes	Strep B (agalactiae)
serotype of late-onset neonatal sepsis	3
alpha-hemolytic, bactracin resistant	strep D non-enterococci
beta-hemolytic, bactracin resistant, inhibited (not killed) by penicillin	strep D enterococci (fecalis)
Strep D enterococci	Strep fecalis
NON Strep Group D Enterococci	E. faecalis, E. faecium
PYR +	NON Strep Group D Enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium)
Strep D diseases	endocarditis, UTI, septicemia
Strep D treatment	Need an antibiotic sensitivity test
Anaerobic, Gm+ cocci	Peptostreptococci
Normal in GI, Gu, and especially in periodontal	Peptostreptococci
Possible diseases of Peptostreptococci	abscess, pneumonia, Gu tract infections
alpha-hemolytic, found in the oral cavity and heart	strep viridans
strep viridans diseases	dental caries, endocarditis
strep viridans treatment	penicillin
alpha hemolytic, sensitive to bile and quinine	strep pneumoniae
strep pneumoniae diseases	pneumonia (usually secondary infection), meningitis, otitis media/septicemia in infants > 2 months old
strep pneumoniae treatment	usually penicillin, or other antibiotic
strep pneumoniae vaccine	capsular polysaccharide, only in adults
Virulent neisseria	Types 1 and 2, which have capsules - gonorrhea and meningitidis
neisseria motility	twitching pili. NO FLAGELLA
Glucose fermentor only	Neisseria gonorrhea
STD, diplococci, pyogen	Neisseria gonorrhea
IgAse	Neisseria gonorrhea, Haemophilus influenzae
Urethritis	Moraxella, Neisseria gonorrhea
Diseases of Neisseria gonorrhea	urithritis, rectal infection, pharyngitis, ophtalmia neonatorum
Culture on thayer-martin chocolate plate in candle (CO2) jar	Neisseria gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea treatment	penicillin G
penicillinase+ Neisseria gonorrhea treatment	spectinomycin
Glucose and maltose fermentation only	Neisseria meningitidis
quellung+, natural reservoir in nasopharynx	Neisseria meningitidis
fever, vomiting, headache, stiff neck	meningitis, early stages
Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome	Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis treatment	High dose of IV penicillin
Neisseria meningitidis vaccine	Capsular polysaccharide - infants or military settings
Branhamella catarrhalis	Moraxella
- Gm -, diplococcobacilli, normal flora	Moraxella (Branhamella catarrhalis)
Severe moraxella diseases	endocarditis or meningitis (both rare)
moraxella diseases in immunocomprimised patients	otitis media, maxillary sinusitis, pulmonary disease, urethritis (indistingushable from gonorrhea)
Non-motile coccobacilli w/capsule, obligate aerobe, oxidase -, natural flora	Acinetobacter
Gm-, coccobacillus, no capsule, flagella, hemangioma	Bartonella Bacilliformis
Pyogenic, facultative anaerobe, blood components requred	HAEMOPHILUS
chocolate agar required due to non-hemolytic property	Haemophilus infulenzae
Cells are pleomorphic (vary between small coccobacilli to long, slender filaments)	Haemophilus influenzae
Acute bacterial meningits in 3 to 6 year-olds	Haemophilus influenzae
Large number of organisms in CSF	Haemophilus influenzae
Start with upper resperatory tract infection, but may lead to meningitis or epiglottitis	Haemophilus influenzae
Antiphagocytic and immunosuppressive capsule with 6 serotypes	Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae serotype that's common in children	B
Haemophilus influenzae treatment	ampicillin or chloramphenicol
Haemophilus influenzae vaccine	Capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. Used for infants
Bacterial conjunctivitis	Haemophilus aegyptius
Haemophilus aegyptius treatment	tetracycline ointment
Haemophilus ducreyi treatment	sulfonamides and streptomycin
small Gm- coccobacilli with hemagglutimin pili	attach to upper resperatory tract - Bordetella
Most severe Bordetella to least	Pertussis, parapertussis, bronchiseptica
Unidentified toxin	Neurotoxin - Bordetella
Obligate human parasite	Bordetella pertussis
Whooping cough	Bordetella pertussis
Mild flu-like symptoms, mild, persistent cough, MOST CONTAGIOUS	Caterrhal Stage - Bordetella pertussis
Violent coughing, characteristic whoop, cyanosis, vomiting, convulsions, exhaustion	Paraoxysmal Stage - Bordetella pertussis
amelioration of symptoms, cough persists for several months	Convalescent stage - Bordetella pertussis
Grown on Bordet-Gengon and Regan-Lowe agar	Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella vaccine	Inactivated whole organism. Produces antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. Administered at 2 months old. Boosters at 4, 6, and 18 months, and then again when entering school.