| Question |
Answer |
| trisomy |
The presence of an extra chromosome; organisms possessing this mutation often do survive into maturity. |
| translation |
The process in which the order of the bases in mRNA codes for the order of amino acids in a protein. |
| messenger RNA |
Carries protein synthesis information from DNA to the ribosomes. |
| replication |
The process in which the two stands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA, each identical to the original molecule. |
| nitrogen base |
A component of DNA or RNA along with a sugar and a phosphate group; can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil. |
| mutation |
A random error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosomes or just one gene. |
| ribosomal RNA |
The nucleic acid that acts as an enzyme, sticking amino acids together. |
| double helix |
In DNA, the two twisted, ladder-shaped nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
| codon |
In the genetic code, the set of three nitrogen bases representing a specific amino acid. |
| nondisjunction |
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes with too few or too many chromosomes. |
| monosomy |
Absence of a chromosome; most organisms with this mutation do not survive. |
| transfer RNA |
Delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. |
| point mutation |
A mistake in DNA where only one base is changed. ex.sickle cell anemia. |
| chromosomal mutation |
When very large segments of DNA are swapped, inverted, lost or gained causing a severe genetic problem |
| frameshift mutation |
a deletion or addition of nitrogenous bases causing translation to shift down or back. |
| transcription |
The process where mRNA takes the code to the ribosomes. |
Science Vocab 147928
