7th Soc. Mid-Term

Description:	7th Grade Social Studies Mid-Term
Category:	History
Created by:	memsoccer1013 on 2006-03-06

Term	Description
Renaissance	"A rebirth of knowledge"..... A time of creativity and experimentation with math, science art, and literature.
Humanism	Belief in the individual. Men and women have tremendous abilities and power over their lives.
Decline of the Feudal System	end of the middle ages; rise of the middle class. Middle class- merchants, lawyers, doctors, and gov't officials.
Leonardo di Vinci	inventor; came up with the first drawings of human bodies_internal and skeletal
Reformation	challenging the beliefs of the Catholic Church with Humanist ideas.
Democracy	everyone gets one vote; everyone is equal
Republic	representative government; everyone votes for representatives and then representatives casts the votes
Monarchy	one ruler, usually a king, makes the decisions. power is inherited at birth
Dictatorship	one ruler makes decisions. gets power through military control
Oligarchy	small group of people make the decisions
Anarchy	no central government or leaders; the absence of government
What was Portugal searching for?	searching for trade routes to the East Indies
Prince Henry the Navigator	From Portugal. began period of exploration. Founded a navigational school.
Bartholomeau Dias	from Portugal. sailed around the southern tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama	from Portugal. sailed around Africa to India, 1st trade route by water
What did Spain find?	Spain found gold while searching for trade routes to the East Indies
Christopher Columbus	from Spain. explored the islands of the Caribbean
Vasco de Balboa	from Spain. discovered the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan	from Spain. first to circumnavigate the globe and to sail around the world.
Francisco Pizarro	from Spain. conquered the Incas
Hernando Cortez	from Spain. conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Coronado	from Spain. looked for the 7 Cities of Gold in southwestern Noth America
Hernando de Soto	from Spain. explored central America, found Mississippi River.
What did France search for and accomplish?	France searched for the northwest passage to East, found the Fur Trade and had the best relationship with Native Americans.
Jacques Carter	from France. explored St.Lawrence River to Quebec
Samuel de Champlain	from France. established Quebec. known as "Father of New France"
Joliet and Marquette	from France. explored the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River
LaSalle	from France. founded Orleans for France at the mouth of the Mississippi River
What did England search for and accomplish?	searched for northwest passage to East and found land to settle
John Cabot	from England. discovered the east coast of America
Henry Hudson	from England. explored the Hudson Bay and River
Sir Francis Drake	from England. a pirate knighted for his looting of Spanish treasure ships. He was the 2nd to circumnavigate the world.
What was Spain's first settlement?	St. Augustine
What was France's first settlement?	Quebec
What was England's first settlement?	Jamestown
Name the New England colonies.	Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hamshire
Name the Middle colonies	New York, Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania
Name the Southern colonies.	Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
charter	an official document granting the right to settle and trade
colony	settlement made by a "parent" country
mercantilism	idea that a "parent" country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports
import	good that are brought into a country
export	goods made in one place and sent to another
subsistence farming	when farmers produce only enough to feed and maintain their families
cash crop	a crop grown to be sold
indentured servant	a person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specific amount of time in exchange for room/board or passage
social mobility	the ability for a person to move from one social class to another
triangular trade	regular trading routes that formed a triangle between the West Indies, colonial America, Europe and West Africa
Magna Carta	English document limiting the power of the king
Mayflower Compact	a government established by the Pilgrims on their boat, the MAyflower, before they landed on Plymouth Rock.
Separation of Church and State	individual state constitutions
Where was the French and Indian War faught?	in the Ohio Valley
Who faught in the Freanch and Indian War?	French vs. British soldiers and volunteer colonists
What was the cause of the French and Indian War?	France and England wanted to take control of the new continent. This would make either one the richest, most powerful nation.
What was the result of the French and Indian War?	(the first) Treaty of Paris. England had control over all lands to the Mississippi River and Canada. Spain controlled the southwest and Florida. *France lost all holdings in North America.
What were the causes of the Revolutionary War?	French and Indian War was expensive and had depleted England's treasury. Quartering Act Townshend Act Boston Massacre Tea Act Boston Tea Party Coercive Acts 1st Continental Congress
Quartering Act	colonists were forced to house British soldiers in their homes.
Towshend Act	England taxed the colonists on luxury items.
Boston Massacre	five Bostonians shot dead, including Crispus Attucks
Tea Act	taxed tea and gave East India Company exclusive rights to sell
Boston Tea Party	Bostonians revolted and dumped the tea into the harbor.
Coercive Acts	England blockaded (closed) Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
1st Continental Congress	George Washington became head of the Continental Army
2nd Continental Army	held in Independence Hall in Philadelphia
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?	Thomas Jefferson
When was the Declaration of Independence written?	1776
What happened in 1492?	Columbus first sailed to the Western Hemisphere
Olive Branch Petition	A letter to King George asking for peace
Loyalists	colonists who supported Britain and were against colonial independence
Patriots	colonists who faught for independence for the colonies
The "shot heard around the world" was from where?	Lexington and Concord, Mass.
What happened at Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill, Mass?	British defense of Boston. Colonists were low on ammunition. It was known, "Don't shoot until you can see the whites of their eyes!"
Long Island, NY	5,000 colonists vs. 20,000 British. British victory
Trenton, NJ	Christmas Eve surprise attack by Washington. American victory.
What happened at Saratoga?	American victory know as "turning point of the war": British planned to cut New England off from the rest of the country. Poor communication among British generals led to a major victory for America. French agreed to send troops, money and support 4 AmRev
What was Valley Forge?	a winter campground of American troops. Tough time; cold, harsh conditions. "bloody snow"
Savannah	British victory. The "butcher", General Tarleton
Cowpens	American victory. The "swamp fox", Francis Marion
Yorktown, Virginia	American victory that ended the American Revolution. British commander, Cornwallis, was surrounded on a peninsula by American forces on land, and the French Fleet of Admiral de Grasse in Chesapeake Bay.
(second) Treaty of Paris	French and British signed the peace treaty, 1785
Nathan Hale	American Spy. "I regret that I only have one life to give for my country."
General Cornwallis	British commander, surrendered at Yorktown, VA.
Marquis de Lafayette	French general who helped Washington
Baron von Steuben	Prussian soldier who helped train the troops at Valley Forge
John Paul Jones	father of American Navy. "I have not yet begun to fight!"
Francis Marion	American soldier known as the "swamp fox"
Benedict Arnold	American general who turned traitor, tried to sell West Point.
Paul Revere	warned "the British are coming" at Lexington and Concord
Benjamin Franklin	inventor, statesman, oldest delegate at conventions
John Adams	outspoken patriot, later to become 2nd President of US
Thomas Paine	author of "Common Sense"
Patrick Henry	representative of the Virginia House of Burgesess who said, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
militia	a group of civilians trained as soldiers to fight in emergencies
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?	They failed b/c it loosly joined the states, no central government.
Virginia Plan	favored large states and representation by population
New Jersey Plan	favored small states and equal representation
Great Compromise	combined the two plans.(NJ and VA) allowed for equal representation in the Senate and representation based on population in the House
Three-fifths compromise	slaves counted as 3/5 of a vote for taxation and for representaion
Ratifying the Constitution	need to pass by 3/4 of the states. NH was the ninth state to ratify on Sept. 17, 1787
popular sovereignty	the beleif that people should have the right to rule themselves
limited government	the powers of government are limited to the ones granted to it by the people
federalism	sharing of powers between the different branches of government
checks and balances	a system that allows each branch to checkor limit the powers of others
separation of powers	the government is divided into three branches, each with its own functions and powers
Iroquois League	nations joined together for defense but kept independent ideas
Magna Carta	British constitution that limited the power of the leaders and allowed for a Bill of Rights for the people
Philosopher John Locke	idea that government has a contract with the people
1492	Columbus first sailed to W. Hemisphere
1500's	series of european explorers were exploring the US. (England, France, Spain and Portugal)
1607	Jamestown, VA was settled
1620	The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock
1763	French and Indian War. British won
1776	Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jeferson. Revolutionary War was going on.-->US won
1777-8	Articles of Confederation were created but soon failed b/c they were too weak. Constitution was written
1800	Election of 1800
What is the total # of US senators?	100
The idea that a mother country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports is called _____________	merchantilism
An agreement that is accepted by both sides is a __________	compromise
First Europeans to reach Western Hemisphere:	Vikings