| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| acute muscle soreness |
pain felt during or immediately after training |
| atrophy |
the decrease in muscle size due to immobilization or complete lack of exercise |
| delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) |
muscle soreness felt a day or two after eccentric exercise |
| fiber hyperplasia |
muscle size increase occurring from an increase in the number of muscle fibers achieved through fiber splitting |
| fiber hypertrophy |
muscle size increase occurring from an increased protein synthesis resulting in the increased number of myofibrils and actin/myosin filaments |
| muscular endurance |
the muscle’s capacity to sustain repeated activation |
| muscular power |
the muscle’s ability to exert strength for a measure of time |
| muscular strength |
the muscle’s maximum generated force |
| adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) |
enzyme which is used to breakdown ATP thereby releasing its contained energy. |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
high-energy molecular compound which provides energy for the body’s activity such as muscle movement. It resides in the body’s cells and is derived from food bond energy |
| aerobic metabolism |
generation of energy in the presence of oxygen |
| ATP-PCr system |
a system which is used by cells to replenish ATP supplies. The molecule, PCr, is acted upon by an enzyme which releases a bonded phosphorous (P) plus energy. An ADP molecule uses this P and energy to form ATP. |
| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
an older measure of the resting baseline energy consumption by the body to sustain basic life support in the absence of voluntary muscle movement. This measurement was performed after 8 hours of sleep. BMR has been replaced by RMR which yields essentially |
| electron transport chain |
series of chemical reactions which converts the hydrogen ion generated by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into water and produces energy for oxidative phosphorylation. |
| fatigue |
general sensation of tiredness with decrease in muscular performance |
| gluconeogenesis |
the conversion of fat or protein into glucose |
| glycogenesis |
the conversion of glucose into glycogen |
| glycogenolysis |
the conversion of glycogen into glucose |
| glycolysis |
the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid |
| glycolytic system |
a system which produces energy through glycolysis. |
| Krebs' cycle |
a series of chemical reactions which involves the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produces ATP with the byproducts of water and carbon dioxide. |
| lactate threshold (LT) |
point during exercise where lactate starts to accumulate above the resting level. This occurs because lactate clearance in insufficient relative to lactate generation |
| maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) |
the maximum capacity of oxygen consumption by the body |
| oxidative system |
most complex energy system for generating high energy yields from the oxidation of fuels |
| phosphocreatine (PCr) |
energy rich compound which is used in the fast generation of ATP during initial muscular activity |
