| Question |
Answer |
| oral tradition |
legends and history passed by word of mouth from one generation to another |
| matrilineal |
societies that traced their descent through their mothers rather than their fathers. |
| ghana |
a word used to describe a king in West Africa |
| mosque |
muslim house of worship |
| Timbuktu |
an important center of Muslim art and culture and education |
| Mansa Musa |
Mali's greatest King that ruled from AD 1312 - AD 1332. He is well known for his pilgrimmage to Mecca and the amount of people and gold he brought with him. |
| Askia Muhammad |
Helped the kingdom of Songhai reach its peak. He divided Songhai into provinces, each with a governor, tax collector, a court of judges and a trade inspector. Helped make Timbuktu a center of learning. |
| monopoly |
sole control or ownership of a particular business or industry. |
| rajah |
Each Aryan tribe was lead by this "chief" |
| epic |
long poem celebrating heroes or heroic action. |
| varnas |
a social system based on four main classes. There was no social mobility. |
| jati |
occupations that were divided among the varnas in India. |
| dharma |
the duties and obligations of your caste. |
| reincarnation |
rebirth of the soul, or the cycle of birth and rebirth. |
| karma |
helps to determine the cycle of rebirth. How a person lives their life will determine what form they will take in their next life. |
| nirvana |
the state of wanting nothing. The ultimate goal of Buddhism. |
| stupa |
large stone mounds over the bones of Buddhist holy people |
| Chandragupta Maurya |
created the Mauryan Empire in 321 BC. |
| Asoka |
Chandragupta's grandson, adopted Buddhism following a bloody battle with the Kalinga people converted to Buddhism. Created a code of laws known as Rock edicts which encourage tolerance. |
| arabic numerals |
Developed by Gupta mathematicians to represent numbers 1 to 9 as well as the concept of 0. |
| clergy |
church officials such as priests and bishops |
| laity |
church members that were not clergy but intensly interested in religious matters |
| icons |
religious images worshipped by Christians |
| iconoclasts |
people that supported King Leo III removing religious symbols from the church. They were also known as "image breakers" |
| schism |
refers to the seperation of the Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church |
| theology |
religious teachings |
| regents |
a person that rules in the place of a king |
| mosaic |
pictures made of many tiny pieces of colored glass or flat stone set in plaster |
| illuminated manuscript |
books decorated with elaboarate designs, beautiful lettering, and miniature paintings. These paintings depicted religious themes and Byzantine daily life |
| monastery |
religious communities where monks sought to develop a spiritual way of life away from the temptaions of the world. |
| steppe |
immense plains in Europe and Asia |
| principality |
territories ruled by princes |
| boyars |
councils of wealthy merchants and landed nobles. |
| czar |
Russian title for "ceasar" taken by Ivan III, it was previously used by Roman and Byzantine emperors. |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
