| Question |
Answer |
| Asthenic |
body is slender and light, bony framework is delicate, long narrow thoraxis smaller in the extreme, with a long thorax; a very long, almost pelvic stomach; and a low medial gallbladder. The colon is medial and redundant |
| Hyposthenic |
somewhat lighter, less robust than Sthenic, similar to asthenic but stomach, intestines and gallbladder are situated higher in abdomen |
| Sthenic |
most predominant type, athletic build, average, similar to hypersthenic but modified by elongation of abdomen and thorax |
| Hypersthenic |
the very large individual with short, wide heart and lungs; high transverse stomach and gallbladder; and peripheral colon |
| With the AP oblique projections (RPO and LPO positions), which kidney is perpendicular and which kidney is parallel |
the kidney that is farther away is placed parallel to the IR, and the kidney that is closer is placed perpendicular to the IR. |
| The lateral C-spine demonstrates |
apophyseal joints, intervertebral disk spaces, and spinous processes |
| The stomach is normally angled |
with the fundus lying posteriorly |
| What is the position of the the body, pylorus, and duodenum |
inferior to the fundus and angled anteriorly |
| The posterior oblique positions (LPO and RPO) of the lumbar vertebrae demonstrate the apophyseal joints |
closest to the IR. |
| The Lateral L-Spine best demonstrates |
the intervertebral disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, and spinous processes |
| 45 degree oblique of L-Spine demonstrates |
Apophyseal Joints |
| The thoracic apophyseal joints are |
70° to the MSP and are demonstrated in a steep (70°) oblique position |
| Lateral T-spine best demonstrates |
intervertebral disk spaces and intervertebral foramina |
| Ampiarthrotic joint |
partially movable joint |
| Synarthrotic joints |
are immoveable |
| What groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant |
are the fundus of the stomach, the left kidney and suprarenal gland, and the splenic flexure |
| The tangential ("sunrise") projection is used to demonstrate |
the articular surfaces of the femur and patella. *****It is also used to demonstrate vertical fractures of the patella. |
| The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow |
superimposes the radial head & neck on the proximal ulna. It shows the olecranon process w/in the olecranon fossa, also projects coronoid process free of superimposition. |
| The radial head is projected free of superimposition |
in the AP oblique projection (lateral rotation) of the elbow |
| Free air in the abdominal cavity is best visualized when the patient is |
left lateral decubitus or erect AP |
| A dorsal decubitus projection of the chest may be used to evaluate |
small amounts of fluid in the posterior chest |
| How is the Dorsal Decubitus position obtained |
with the patient supine and the x-ray beam directed horizontally |
| The RAO position in an Upper GI series best demonstrates |
pyloric canal and duodenal bulb along with; the barium-filled esophagus, projecting it between the vertebrae and the heart |
| The recumbent AP with slight left oblique best demonstrates |
a double contrast of the pylorus and duodenum |
| Parts of Sternum |
Manubrium most proximal part(4 sides), Body or Gladiolus middle portion, Xiphoid Process or Ensiform most distal |
| Thoracic Cavity is lined by |
serous membranes called pleura |
| Two Pleura walls |
parietal (outer), visceral (inner). Parietal lines the thoracic cavity. Visceral is reflected over the surface of the lungs and projects between the fissures |
| When examining ribs, in oblique positions which portion will be demonstrated |
which ever side is closest to film. |
| To demonstrate the ap oblique projection of the SI Joints |
the affected side must be elevated 25 degrees |
| AP oblique SI Joint places the joint |
perpendicular to IR and parallel to CR. |
| Anterior oblique projections of a Upper GI study will open up which flexure and colon |
The flexure and colon closest to the film |
| Posterior oblique projections of a Upper GI study will open up which flexure and colon |
the flexure and colon furthest from the film |
| Articular facets form |
Apophyseal Joints |
| Intervertebral joints are well visualized in |
the lateral projections of all the vertebral groups |
| Male pelvis |
• Heavy and thick general structure • Greater, or false, pelvis is deep • Pelvis brim, or inlet, is small and heart-shaped • Acetabulum is large and faces laterally • Pubic angle is less than 90° • Ilium is more vertical |
| Female pelvis |
• Light and thin general structure • Greater, or false, pelvis is shallow • Pelvis brim, or inlet, is large and oval • Acetabulum is small and faces anteriorly • Pubic angle is more than 90° • Ilium is more horizontal |
| Vertebral groups that form Lordotic curves |
Cervical and Lumbar |
| Vertebral groups that form Kyphotic curves |
Thoracic and Sacral |
| With oral administration, barium sulfate suspension would first pass through |
the upper GI tract—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach (fundus, body, pylorus), small bowel (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large bowel (cecum, ascending colon, right colic/hepatic flexure), transverse colon, left colic/splenic flexure, & desc colon, sigmoid |
| Intervertebral Foramina are formed by |
vertebral notches of the pedicles. |
| A single-contrast examination demonstrates |
the anatomy and contour of the large bowel, as well as anything that may project out from the bowel wall eg, diverticula |
| The articular facets (apophyseal joints) of the L5–S1 articulation form |
a 30° angle with the MSP; they are therefore well demonstrated in a 30° oblique position |
| Which of the following sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it leaves the left ventricle |
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
| The contraction and expansion of arterial walls in accordance with forceful contraction and relaxation of the heart is called |
pulse |
| Performance of the Valsalva maneuver fill |
the larynx and trachea with air, which is well demonstrated on soft tissue study |
mr. charles11
