| Question |
Answer |
| Location: Trachea, bronchi & bronchioles |
PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| Hosts: Sheep (including bighorn sheep), goats & deer |
PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| L1’s have a pointed tail |
PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| ADULTS LOCATED IN THE LUNG PARENCHYMA |
MUELLERIUS |
| HOSTS: SHEEP, GOATS & WILD RUMINANTS |
MUELLERIUS |
| LARVAE HAVE A DORSAL SPINE |
MUELLERIUS |
| Protostrongylus reported in bighorn sheep |
Transplacental transmission |
| Intermediate hosts are snails or slugs |
Intermediate hosts are snails or slugs |
| Nodule (adenoma-like) proliferation of the bronchial epithelium has been associated with |
MUELLERIUS |
| Meningeal Worm |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Common and non-pathogenic in white-tailed deer |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Abnormal hosts: Any other ruminant (rarely reported in domestic/wild cattle) |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| 1912: first recognized in moose in the north central US (“moose sickness”) |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Adults reside in the subdural space and venous sinuses beneath the meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| CSF tap (eosinophilia is a more consistent finding in llama & alpaca) |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Elevated total protein, creatine kinase, plasma fibrinogen and RBC’s in the CSF |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Histopathology (larvae in spinal cord) |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| ELISA (white tailed deer, elk and goats) using L3 excretory-secretory antigens |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Larvae will ONLY be found in the feces of white-tailed deer |
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Lungworm of Swine |
METASTRONGYLUS |
| IH - earthworms |
METASTRONGYLUS |
| Adults in bronchi and bronchioles |
METASTRONGYLUS |
| Migrating larvae cause verminous pneumonia |
METASTRONGYLUS |
| Diagnosis – embryonated, thick-shelled eggs, L1 have blunt tail |
METASTRONGYLUS |
|
METASTRONGYLUS |
| Life cycle: direct, no IH |
Dictyocaulus |
| Adults reside in the trachea, bronchi & bronchioles |
Dictyocaulus |
| Pathogenesis – verminous pneumonia |
Dictyocaulus |
| Diagnosis – adults at necropsy, eggs/larvae in feces, Baermann technique |
Dictyocaulus |
| Control – sanitation, irrigation, pasture rotations, improve nutrition and deworming program |
Dictyocaulus |
|
Dictyocaulus |
| Unembryonated eggs deposited in the lungs → L1’s develop within the host |
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| L3’s develop in the feces ~ 5-7 days (pointed tail; rarely seen in horses |
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Patency occurs in donkeys & mules |
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Arrested larval development in horses & pathogenic in horses |
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Don’t pasture horses with mules |
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| most important lungworm in calves, only nematode that reaches maturity in lungs of cattle |
D. viviparus |
| Feces-inhabiting fungus (Pilobulus) disseminates larvae by propelling spores & L3’s - ingested by DH |
D. viviparus |
| (in the southeast areas of Europe) |
D. filaria |
| (in the northeastern areas of Europe) |
D. viviparus |
| Small Animal Lungworms |
Filaroides = Oslerus |
| U.S., Europe & Canada |
Filaroides = Oslerus |
| L1 (“S” shaped or pointed tail w/kink or bent tail) (PAVE, 2007) |
Filaroides = Oslerus |
| L1’s are directly infective to puppies |
Filaroides = Oslerus |
| Adults form nodules in the trachea and bronchi of canids (wild & domestic |
Filaroides = Oslerus |
| Does not usually cause clinical disease (unless given prednisone & a secondary bacterial infection develops). |
F. hirthi |
| Usually a subclinical infection |
F. hirthi |
| May cause a focal granulomatous reaction that may resemble drug-induced and neoplastic lesions |
F. hirthi |
| Verminous Pneumonia |
F. hirthi |
| All 5 molts are completed in the lung tissue of the dog |
Filaroides species |
| Auto-infection is common |
Filaroides species |
| Severity of disease correlates with the species |
F. osleri vs. F. hirthi |
| Ivermectin, fenbendazole |
Filaroides species |
| Nodules may reduce in size, but not resolve completely |
F. osleri |
| Found in many parts of the world (US, Europe, Australia & Brazil) |
Aelurostrongylus |
| Cat Lungworm |
Aelurostrongylus |
| Females deposit eggs in “nests” in lung parenchyma |
Aelurostrongylus |
| Tail resembles Muellerius with dorsal spine |
Aelurostrongylus |
| Cats become infected by eating molluscs or paratenic host (frog or lizard which eat snails/slugs) |
Aelurostrongylus |
| small, grayish-white sub-pleural nodules |
Aelurostrongylus |
| Coughing, dyspnea, weight loss, bronchopneumonia |
Aelurostrongylus |
Alva Jackson
on 2009-10-27
MedTemCP5 Word+Pics
