| Question |
Answer |
| Where are the top three places that producers get information? |
University, Veterinarians, Producer journals |
| What are the two endemic populations for rabies in wyoming? |
skunks and bats |
| In what situations is there a higher risk for disease? |
Calving/1st 2 weeks of life, weaning, feedlot, nuew purchase, communal grazing, wildlife contact |
| What are the two diseases talked about in class in horses? |
colic, neurological diseases |
| Colic |
abdominal pain, usually pain from the intestines (can also be renal and reproductive) |
| Why is colic a problem in horses? |
they are prone to impactions and anatomical displacements of the gut |
| What are some infections that can cause colic in horses? |
salmonellosis, PHF (patomic horse fever) |
| What are some methods to prevent colic? |
daily feed routine, good quality food, daily exercise, parasite control, avoid excess grain, gradual changes in diet |
| Why are neurological diseases a problem in horses? |
they are sporadic, but high impact and can cause herd outbreaks |
| What are some causes of neurological disease in horses? |
EPM, WNV, Wobbler syndrome... |
| What are the main causes for disease in sheep/goats? |
Abortion, Pneumonia, Parasitic gastroenteritis, twin lamb disease, starvation, plant poisoning |
| What are the main diseases of pigs? |
PRRS, PWMS, Pneumonia, enteritis, lameness |
| What are the main diseases of Cattle? |
BRD (pneumonia), Aortion, Brisket, Calf scours |
| What causes pneumonia in cattle? |
bacterial/viral infection + dust + stress |
| What is calf scours? |
diarrhea in cattle |
| Define disease |
a disorder of structure of function that can or does result in detectable illness |
| What are the biggest measures of combatting disease? |
biosecurity, genetic selection, vaccines, and other medications |
| What are the types of infectious diseases? |
Prions, Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites |
| What does virulence depend on? |
Intrinsic nature of the agent, how many organisms need to infect the host, genetic resistance of host, what organs it infects |
| Why does disease matter? |
it narrows profitability margins, many are avoidable, they effect the reputation of producing healthy stock, dealing with disease can be costly |
| What are the two classes of disease? |
infectious and non-infectious |
| infectious disease |
easily spread |
| what are the two types of infectious disease? |
contagious and non-contagious |
| contagious infectious disease |
animal to animal transmission |
| non-contagious infectious disease |
soil to animal transmission |
| clinical disease |
physically recognizable in an affected animal |
| subclinical disease |
animal has the disease and may be affected by it, but there are no clinical signs |
| What are the three types of resistance to disease |
innate, immune-mediated, herd immunity |
| innate resistance |
animal's genetic ability to shrug off disease |
| immune-mediated resistance |
passive or active immune system fights infection |
| passive immune-mediated resistance |
occurs when young obtains antibodies in the form of colostrum, basically antibodies are introduced to the body not made by the body |
| active immune-mediated resistance |
the animal's immune system recognizing and responding to antigens. vaccination stimulates active immunity |
| herd immunity |
to stop most diseases from spreading in a herd, you need 70-80% of the animals to be solidly immune |
| Vertical spread of disease |
from parents to offspring. usually across the placenta or by contaminated semen |
| horizontle spread of disease |
herd member to herm member transmission of illness |
| direct spread of disease |
animal to animal via infected mucus, pus, or contaminated feces |
| indirect spread of disease |
animal to animal via contaminated objects |
| Colostrum |
first milk, provides antibodies to young |
| Antibiotics |
against life, effective against bacteria, supress the infection to give the immune system time to fight it off, potentially toxic |
| anthelmintics |
against worms, control parasitic infections, most effective when used on an entire herd rather than specific individuals |
| disinfectants |
remove infection, potential to inactivate most harmful infectious agents, most are very toxic |
| vaccine classifications |
modified live, inactivated, subunit |
| modified live vaccine |
agent is alive yet its ability to cause disease has been artificially weakened |
| inactivated vaccine |
the agent is killed |
| subunit vaccine |
immunogenic portion of the pathogen is purified |
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