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unit 2 The Enlighten
Absolutism, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The theory that monarchs receive their power from God and consequently should not be questioned or disobeyed. | Divine right |
| A palace in France built as the home for Louis XIV | Versailles |
| The great change in ways of thinking about the physical world that came about in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the foundation s of modern science were laid with the development of new theories | Scientific Revolution |
| A logical procedure for gathering information and testing ideas that involves the use of hypotheses, experimentation ,and observation | Scientific method |
| The belief that the earth is at the center of the universe | Geocentric theory |
| The belief that the sun is at the center of the universe | Heliocentric theory |
| Also called the Age of Reason; the period of Western history when thinkers called for the use of reason in analyzing and improving society | Enlightenment |
| A term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe an agreement where people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government | Social contract |
| Rights that all human beings are entitled to | Natural rights |
| Any of the leading social critics of the eighteenth- century French Enlightenment | Philosophes |
| One who denies the existence of God | Atheists |
| The division of government into several branches, each having its own powers | Separation of powers |
| A European ruler who introduced reforms reflecting the spirit of the Enlightenment | Enlightened despots |
| Who discovered the law of gravity? | Isaac Newton |
| What new piece of technology was invented to study small creatures? | Microscope |
| What did Galileo Galilei make to use to observe the planets? | Telescope |
| Why was Galileo was forced to deny his findings? | Because they went against the teachings of the church |
| What set of books did Denis Dederot and others write and publish? | Encyclopedia |
| What two revolutions did the Enlightenment ideas influence? | American and French |
| In the 1700s, where was the cultural center of Europe? | Paris |
| According to John Locke, What does everyone have the right to? | Life, liberty, and property |
| According to John Locke, what is the purpose of government? | To protect people’s rights |
| According to John Locke, if the government fails them, what do people have the right to do? | Overthrow it |
| Who thought that government power should be separated into different branches to avoid power abuses? | Baron de Montesquieu |
| An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources for profit | capitalism |
| ________ believed in the geocentric view of the universe | Ptolemy |
| He thought that the sun was the center of the solar system and that the planets, including the earth revolved around the sun in "perfect devine circles" | Copernicus |
| He supported the heliocentric idea with mathematics and also proved that the planets travel in ellipses (ovals) not perfect circles around the sun | Kepler |
| A person who believes in God, but rejects organized religion | Deist |
| He fought for four things – tolerance, reason, limited government and free speech | Voltaire |
| All of the following are part of the three branches of government that Montesquieu proposed except:legislative, executive, judicial, journalism | journalism |
| He felt that arts and sciences corrupted people’s natural goodness | Rousseau |
| According to Rousseau, who was happier “civilized people” or “ natural man”? | “natural man" |
| He felt that conflict is a part of human nature. Without governments to keep order, he said there would be a “war of everyone against everyone”. He also felt that life was “nasty, brutish, and short” and that people were naturally selfish and violent. | Hobbes |
| He felt that a person is not born good or evil. Rather people’s characters are shaped by their experiences. He felt that all people could learn from experience and improve themselves. | Locke |
| an economic system where a country's power depended mainly on its wealth | mercantilism |
| an economic system where a country's power depended mainly on its wealth | mercantilism |
| a steady rise in the price of goods | inflation |
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pelingmodernworld