Bacterias

Description:	USCSOM: Micro: Memorizing bacteria
Category:	Bacteriology
Created by:	null on 2009-10-10

Genus species	Common Name/Disease	Gram, Shape, Aerobe	ID	Symptoms	Transmission	Treatment
Shigella	bacillary dysentery	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	shiga toxin, responds to antibiotics	bloody feces, intestinal pain	oro-fecal, unwashed hands	ampicillin
Salmonella enteritidis	salmonella	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe		nause, vomit, non-bloody	contaminated food	self-limiting,
Salmonella typhi	enteric fever, 'typhoid'	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	Vi capsular antigen	GI, gallbladder	water, food, human	antibiotics
Yersinia enterocolitica	yersinia	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	grows in cold	diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain	water, milk, meat	antibiotics recommended
Vibrio cholerae	cholera	neg, comma, fac anaerobe	oxidase +; cholera toxin	watery diarrhea, dehydration	feces/water, seafood	fluid, tetracycline
Campylobacterjejuni		neg,spiral	microaerophilic, 42 deg	watery, dysentery, falaise, fever, abdominal pain, associatedwith Guillan-Barre	milk/meat	self limiting
helicobacter pylori	stomach ulcers	neg, sprial	urease+ producing NH3 and CO2	increased cancer risk	chronically in stomach	antibiotic
Treponema pallidum	syphilis	neg, long, motile	dark-field micro, antibody cardiolipin	chancre, flu, neuro	genital, utero	penicllin G
Borrelia burgdorferi	Lyme disease	neg, long, motile	serum aBs	rash, bacteremia, neuro, arthritis,relapsing fever	ticks,	antibiotics early
Leptospira	Leptosipra	neg, long motile	serology	flu-like, kidney brain, eye	water from animal urine	readily curable
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Gonococcus	neg, diplococci	chocolate, oxidase +, PCR	septic arthritis, dermatitis	sex	penicillin, ceftriaxone
Neisseria meningitidis	Meningococcus	neg, diplococci	spinal fluid, Thayer Martin	meningitis	young, crowded, respiratory	Penicillin, vaccine w/ anti-capsular antibodies
Streptococcuspyogenes	Group A Strep	pos, chains, fac anaerobe	beta-hemolysis, cat +,	rheumatic fever, bacteremia
Streptococcusagalactiae	Group B Strep	pos, chains, fac anaerobe	beta emo, hydrolysis of hippurate,CAMP
Eterococci	Group D Strep	pos, chains, fac anaerobe	bile-esculin, alpha/gamma hemolytic	UTIs		resist vancomycin
Viridans streptococci		pos, chains, fac anaerobe	alpha-heme, neg for other tests	endocarditis,dental caries	tooth extraction, orally
Streptococcuspneumoniae	pneumonia		alpha-heme, solubule in bile		opportunisticupper repiratorytract	capsular vaccine, penicillin, vancomycin
Staphylococcus aureus	commonest infection	pos, grapes, fac anaerobe	Beta, mannitol, cat+, coag+, golden pigmentation	pneumonia, osteomyelitis, srthritis,bacteremia, endocarditis	community and hospital	vancomycin
Staphylococcus epidermis	common contaminant of cultures	pos, grapes, faculative anaerobes	non-hemo, mannitol-, pigment-, coag-		catheters, shunts, artificialheart valves	vancomycin
Staphylococcus saprophyticus			gamma-hemo, mann-, pigment-, coag-	UTIs		vancomycin
Bacteroides fragilis		neg, rod,strict anaerobe, non-spore	strict anaerobe	abcess formation		not penicllin
Clostridia tetani	tetanus	pos, rods, anaerobic spore	tetanus toxin	rigid paralysis,non-invasive	soil	vaccination
Clostridia perfringens	gas gangrene	pos, rod, anaerobic spore	lecithinase+	necrosis, swelling of tissue	soil, GI, food poisoning	antitoxin, antibiotic, debridement
Clostridia botulinum	butilism	pos, rod, anaerobic spore	botulinum toxin	flaccid paralysis	food poisoning	anti-toxin, antibiotics
Clostrisium difficile	C difficile	pos, rod, anaerobic spore	exotoxin A and B	pseudo-membranous colitis	normal flora alteration	discontinue current ABs, vancomycin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa		neg, rod, aerobe, oxidase+, polar flagella	pigments: pyocyanisn, pyroverdin, fruity smell	burns and wounds, CF, cytotoxic drug therapy	airborne
Mycobacteriumtuberculosis	TB	acid-fast, rods, obligate aerobe	production of niacin		man-man airborne	2+ antibiotics
Mycobacteriumleprae	leprosy, Hansen's disease	acid-fast, obligate anaerobe	acid-fast stains of skin biopsies, lepromin	disfigurement	armadillo reservoir	dapsone, multi-drug
Mycobacteriumavium/intracellulare	MAC complex	acid-fast, obligate anaerobe	CD4<100	associated with AIDS	person-person in immunosupressed	multiple drug combinations
Corynebacterium diphtheriae	diphtheria	pos, rod, strict aerobe	Loeffler's medium; metachromatic staining	choking? systemic and fatal injury	found in normal flora	anti-toxin, antibiotics, immunization
Legionella pneumophila	Legionnares disease	neg, rod, faculative	buffered charcoal yeast extract, Cys+, Fe+	pneumonia	aerosols, stagnant h2o, protozoa	erythromycin,can be self-limiting
Bordetella pertussis	whooping cough	neg, short rod,strict aerobe	bordet-gengou medium, PCR	catarrhal (flu-like); paroxysmal, whoop, confalescent stage	aerosol droplets	erythromycin,vaccination
Haemophilus influenzae		neg, non-motile	sheep blood agar around Staph, Hemo-, GF+	meningitis	resides in upper airway	vaccination Hib
Haemophilus ducreyi	Chancroid	neg, non-motile	parallel rows of rods and chains on exudate smear	genital ulcers, regional lymphadenopathy	STD	azithromycin,ceftriaxone, cipro, erythro
Brucellosis abortus	brucella	neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe	non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+	suppurative febrile	cattle, cheese	tetra/doxy with rifampin
Brucellosis canis	brucella	neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe	non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+	suppurative febrile	dogs	tetra/doxy with rifampin
Brucellosis suis	brucella	neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe	non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+	prolonged, kidney lesions	swine	tetra/doxy with rifampin
Brucellosis melitensis	brucella	neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe	non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+	severe, recurring	goats/sheep, cheese	tetra/doxy with rifampin
Francisella tularensis	tularemia	neg, nonmotile, short, aerobe	Serum aBs, BCYE	ulcerating papule w/ necrosis, flu-like	ticks, aerlsol	streptomycin,gentamycin
Yersinia pestis	The Plague	neg, bacillus, bipolar, fac anaerobe	agar neg, buboes	black buboes, swollen lymph nodes, septicemia	fleas, infected rodents, airborne	streptomycin,tetracycline
Listeria monocytogenes	Listeriosis	pos, short cains, fac intracellular	end-to-end tumbling at 25C, cold enrichment	GI, meningitis,flu-like	contaminated foods	penicillin +/- gentamycin
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae	Erysipeloid	pos, rod,	nutrient broth, alpha-hemo	burning lesions on periphery,non-suppurative	skin abrasion contaminated animal/soil	penicillin
Bacillus anthracis	anthrax	pos, rod, spore, aerobic	smear of vesicular fluid	malignant pustule, respiratory distress	contact, inhalation	penicillin, cipro, doxy
Bacillus cereus		pos, aerobe, spore		food poisoning, eye infections	contaminated food	self-limiting
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	'walking pneumonia'	multiple shapes, strict aerobe	lack of cell wall, metabolizeglucose, cold agglutinins	atypical pneumonia, upper respiratory	aerosolized; confined pops	tetracycline, erythromycin
Mycoplasma hominis		fac anaerobe	cell wall-, arg+	pyelonephritis, postpartum fevers	colonization during birth	tetracycline, erythromycin
Mycoplasma genitalium		fac anaerobe	not cultured	pelivc inflam disease		tetracycline, erythromycin
Ureaplasma urealyticum		fac anaerobe	cell wall-, urea+	non-gonococcal urethritis, abortion, premature birth	colonization during birth	tetracycline, erythromycin
Chlamydia trachomatis	Chlamydia	like neg, LPS, energy parasites	iodine-staining inclusion bodies, antigens	trachoma (eyelids), conjunctivitis, discharge	droplets, hands, clothing, flies, birth	tetra, erythro, sulfas
Chlamydophilapneumoniae	TWAR	like neg, LPS, energy parasites	4x rise in titer	bronchitis, sinusiis, pneumonia	man-man by respiratory droplets	tetra, erythro
Chlamydophilapsittaci	Parrot fever, ornithosis	like neg, LPS, energy parasites	4x rise in titers	fever chills headach, non-productivecough	inhalation of bird droppings	tetra, erythro
Rickettsia rickettsii	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	indirect fluorescent aB test	centripetal rash, fever chills, headach, myalgia	Tick, ixodid (hard) tick	tetracycline, chloramphenicol
Rickettsia akari	Rickettsialpox	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	not available	papule, ulcerates, ,forms eschar; fever chills, headache, myalgia	Mite	tetra expedites recovery
Rickettsia Prowazekii	Epidemic typhus	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	Immunofluorescent aBs	centrifugal rash, fever, chills, headache, myalgia	Louse	tetra expedites recovery
Rickettsia typhi	Murine typhus	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	indirect fluorescent aBs	fever, chill, headache, myalgia, centrifugal rash	Flea, rats	Tetra
Orientia tsutsugamushi	scrub typhus	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	aBs	fever, chill, headache, myalgia, centrifugal rash	Mite, chiggers	Tetra
Ehrlichia chaffeensis	human monocytic ehrlichiosis	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	serology	like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia	Lone Star tick	doxycycline
Ehrlichia ewingii	human granulocytic ehrlichiosis	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	serology	like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia	Lone Star tick	doxycycline
Anaplasma phagocytophilium	human granulocytic ehrlichiosis	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	serology	like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia	Deer/Dog ticks	doxycycline
Coxiella burnetii	Q fever	small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain	aBs to Phase 2 or Phase 1/2 antigen	atypical pneumonia, fever, chill, myalgia, endocarditis	inhalation of airborne particles	tetracycline
Bartonella quintana	trench fever, 5 day fever	neg, aerobe, bacilli	PCR/serology	severe pain in tibia, 5 day intervals	body louse	erythro, doxy
Bartonella henselae	cat-scratch disease	neg, aerobe, bacilli	serology	chronic regional lymphadenopathy	cat scrach, bites, fleas	azithromycin
Escherichia coli	E. coli	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	serotype O157:H7; lactose +; pH acid	dysentery; hemolytic-uremic syndrome	fecal contamination	fluid
Enterotoxigenic E. coli	ETEC; 'travelers diarrhea'	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	heat labile toxin; heat stable toxin	watery diarrhea; fever, nausea	fecal	fluid
Enteropathogenic E. coli	EPEC, infant diarrhea	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	lesion involving microvilli	fever, diarrhea, vomit, nasuea, non-bloody	fecal	fluid
Enteroaggregative E. coli	EAEC	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	brick-like clumps	diarrhea, heavy mucus	fecal	non-invasive
Enteroinvasive E coli	EIEC	neg, rods, facultative anaerobe	indistinguishable from shigellosis	rare in US	fecal	fluid