| Genus species |
Common Name/Disease |
Gram, Shape, Aerobe |
ID |
Symptoms |
Transmission |
Treatment |
| Shigella |
bacillary dysentery |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
shiga toxin, responds to antibiotics |
bloody feces, intestinal pain |
oro-fecal, unwashed hands |
ampicillin |
| Salmonella enteritidis |
salmonella |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
|
nause, vomit, non-bloody |
contaminated food |
self-limiting, |
| Salmonella typhi |
enteric fever, 'typhoid' |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
Vi capsular antigen |
GI, gallbladder |
water, food, human |
antibiotics |
| Yersinia enterocolitica |
yersinia |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
grows in cold |
diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain |
water, milk, meat |
antibiotics recommended |
| Vibrio cholerae |
cholera |
neg, comma, fac anaerobe |
oxidase +; cholera toxin |
watery diarrhea, dehydration |
feces/water, seafood |
fluid, tetracycline |
| Campylobacterjejuni |
|
neg,spiral |
microaerophilic, 42 deg |
watery, dysentery, falaise, fever, abdominal pain, associatedwith Guillan-Barre |
milk/meat |
self limiting |
| helicobacter pylori |
stomach ulcers |
neg, sprial |
urease+ producing NH3 and CO2 |
increased cancer risk |
chronically in stomach |
antibiotic |
| Treponema pallidum |
syphilis |
neg, long, motile |
dark-field micro, antibody cardiolipin |
chancre, flu, neuro |
genital, utero |
penicllin G |
| Borrelia burgdorferi |
Lyme disease |
neg, long, motile |
serum aBs |
rash, bacteremia, neuro, arthritis,relapsing fever |
ticks, |
antibiotics early |
| Leptospira |
Leptosipra |
neg, long motile |
serology |
flu-like, kidney brain, eye |
water from animal urine |
readily curable |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Gonococcus |
neg, diplococci |
chocolate, oxidase +, PCR |
septic arthritis, dermatitis |
sex |
penicillin, ceftriaxone |
| Neisseria meningitidis |
Meningococcus |
neg, diplococci |
spinal fluid, Thayer Martin |
meningitis |
young, crowded, respiratory |
Penicillin, vaccine w/ anti-capsular antibodies |
| Streptococcuspyogenes |
Group A Strep |
pos, chains, fac anaerobe |
beta-hemolysis, cat +, |
rheumatic fever, bacteremia |
|
|
| Streptococcusagalactiae |
Group B Strep |
pos, chains, fac anaerobe |
beta emo, hydrolysis of hippurate,CAMP |
|
|
|
| Eterococci |
Group D Strep |
pos, chains, fac anaerobe |
bile-esculin, alpha/gamma hemolytic |
UTIs |
|
resist vancomycin |
| Viridans streptococci |
|
pos, chains, fac anaerobe |
alpha-heme, neg for other tests |
endocarditis,dental caries |
tooth extraction, orally |
|
| Streptococcuspneumoniae |
pneumonia |
|
alpha-heme, solubule in bile |
|
opportunisticupper repiratorytract |
capsular vaccine, penicillin, vancomycin |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
commonest infection |
pos, grapes, fac anaerobe |
Beta, mannitol, cat+, coag+, golden pigmentation |
pneumonia, osteomyelitis, srthritis,bacteremia, endocarditis |
community and hospital |
vancomycin |
| Staphylococcus epidermis |
common contaminant of cultures |
pos, grapes, faculative anaerobes |
non-hemo, mannitol-, pigment-, coag- |
|
catheters, shunts, artificialheart valves |
vancomycin |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
|
|
gamma-hemo, mann-, pigment-, coag- |
UTIs |
|
vancomycin |
| Bacteroides fragilis |
|
neg, rod,strict anaerobe, non-spore |
strict anaerobe |
abcess formation |
|
not penicllin |
| Clostridia tetani |
tetanus |
pos, rods, anaerobic spore |
tetanus toxin |
rigid paralysis,non-invasive |
soil |
vaccination |
| Clostridia perfringens |
gas gangrene |
pos, rod, anaerobic spore |
lecithinase+ |
necrosis, swelling of tissue |
soil, GI, food poisoning |
antitoxin, antibiotic, debridement |
| Clostridia botulinum |
butilism |
pos, rod, anaerobic spore |
botulinum toxin |
flaccid paralysis |
food poisoning |
anti-toxin, antibiotics |
| Clostrisium difficile |
C difficile |
pos, rod, anaerobic spore |
exotoxin A and B |
pseudo-membranous colitis |
normal flora alteration |
discontinue current ABs, vancomycin |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
neg, rod, aerobe, oxidase+, polar flagella |
pigments: pyocyanisn, pyroverdin, fruity smell |
burns and wounds, CF, cytotoxic drug therapy |
airborne |
|
| Mycobacteriumtuberculosis |
TB |
acid-fast, rods, obligate aerobe |
production of niacin |
|
man-man airborne |
2+ antibiotics |
| Mycobacteriumleprae |
leprosy, Hansen's disease |
acid-fast, obligate anaerobe |
acid-fast stains of skin biopsies, lepromin |
disfigurement |
armadillo reservoir |
dapsone, multi-drug |
| Mycobacteriumavium/intracellulare |
MAC complex |
acid-fast, obligate anaerobe |
CD4<100 |
associated with AIDS |
person-person in immunosupressed |
multiple drug combinations |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
diphtheria |
pos, rod, strict aerobe |
Loeffler's medium; metachromatic staining |
choking? systemic and fatal injury |
found in normal flora |
anti-toxin, antibiotics, immunization |
| Legionella pneumophila |
Legionnares disease |
neg, rod, faculative |
buffered charcoal yeast extract, Cys+, Fe+ |
pneumonia |
aerosols, stagnant h2o, protozoa |
erythromycin,can be self-limiting |
| Bordetella pertussis |
whooping cough |
neg, short rod,strict aerobe |
bordet-gengou medium, PCR |
catarrhal (flu-like); paroxysmal, whoop, confalescent stage |
aerosol droplets |
erythromycin,vaccination |
| Haemophilus influenzae |
|
neg, non-motile |
sheep blood agar around Staph, Hemo-, GF+ |
meningitis |
resides in upper airway |
vaccination Hib |
| Haemophilus ducreyi |
Chancroid |
neg, non-motile |
parallel rows of rods and chains on exudate smear |
genital ulcers, regional lymphadenopathy |
STD |
azithromycin,ceftriaxone, cipro, erythro |
| Brucellosis abortus |
brucella |
neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe |
non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+ |
suppurative febrile |
cattle, cheese |
tetra/doxy with rifampin |
| Brucellosis canis |
brucella |
neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe |
non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+ |
suppurative febrile |
dogs |
tetra/doxy with rifampin |
| Brucellosis suis |
brucella |
neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe |
non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+ |
prolonged, kidney lesions |
swine |
tetra/doxy with rifampin |
| Brucellosis melitensis |
brucella |
neg, coccobacilli,strict aerobe |
non-hemo, non-motile, cat+, ox+, urease+ |
severe, recurring |
goats/sheep, cheese |
tetra/doxy with rifampin |
| Francisella tularensis |
tularemia |
neg, nonmotile, short, aerobe |
Serum aBs, BCYE |
ulcerating papule w/ necrosis, flu-like |
ticks, aerlsol |
streptomycin,gentamycin |
| Yersinia pestis |
The Plague |
neg, bacillus, bipolar, fac anaerobe |
agar neg, buboes |
black buboes, swollen lymph nodes, septicemia |
fleas, infected rodents, airborne |
streptomycin,tetracycline |
| Listeria monocytogenes |
Listeriosis |
pos, short cains, fac intracellular |
end-to-end tumbling at 25C, cold enrichment |
GI, meningitis,flu-like |
contaminated foods |
penicillin +/- gentamycin |
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
Erysipeloid |
pos, rod, |
nutrient broth, alpha-hemo |
burning lesions on periphery,non-suppurative |
skin abrasion contaminated animal/soil |
penicillin |
| Bacillus anthracis |
anthrax |
pos, rod, spore, aerobic |
smear of vesicular fluid |
malignant pustule, respiratory distress |
contact, inhalation |
penicillin, cipro, doxy |
| Bacillus cereus |
|
pos, aerobe, spore |
|
food poisoning, eye infections |
contaminated food |
self-limiting |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
'walking pneumonia' |
multiple shapes, strict aerobe |
lack of cell wall, metabolizeglucose, cold agglutinins |
atypical pneumonia, upper respiratory |
aerosolized; confined pops |
tetracycline, erythromycin |
| Mycoplasma hominis |
|
fac anaerobe |
cell wall-, arg+ |
pyelonephritis, postpartum fevers |
colonization during birth |
tetracycline, erythromycin |
| Mycoplasma genitalium |
|
fac anaerobe |
not cultured |
pelivc inflam disease |
|
tetracycline, erythromycin |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum |
|
fac anaerobe |
cell wall-, urea+ |
non-gonococcal urethritis, abortion, premature birth |
colonization during birth |
tetracycline, erythromycin |
| Chlamydia trachomatis |
Chlamydia |
like neg, LPS, energy parasites |
iodine-staining inclusion bodies, antigens |
trachoma (eyelids), conjunctivitis, discharge |
droplets, hands, clothing, flies, birth |
tetra, erythro, sulfas |
| Chlamydophilapneumoniae |
TWAR |
like neg, LPS, energy parasites |
4x rise in titer |
bronchitis, sinusiis, pneumonia |
man-man by respiratory droplets |
tetra, erythro |
| Chlamydophilapsittaci |
Parrot fever, ornithosis |
like neg, LPS, energy parasites |
4x rise in titers |
fever chills headach, non-productivecough |
inhalation of bird droppings |
tetra, erythro |
| Rickettsia rickettsii |
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
indirect fluorescent aB test |
centripetal rash, fever chills, headach, myalgia |
Tick, ixodid (hard) tick |
tetracycline, chloramphenicol |
| Rickettsia akari |
Rickettsialpox |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
not available |
papule, ulcerates, ,forms eschar; fever chills, headache, myalgia |
Mite |
tetra expedites recovery |
| Rickettsia Prowazekii |
Epidemic typhus |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
Immunofluorescent aBs |
centrifugal rash, fever, chills, headache, myalgia |
Louse |
tetra expedites recovery |
| Rickettsia typhi |
Murine typhus |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
indirect fluorescent aBs |
fever, chill, headache, myalgia, centrifugal rash |
Flea, rats |
Tetra |
| Orientia tsutsugamushi |
scrub typhus |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
aBs |
fever, chill, headache, myalgia, centrifugal rash |
Mite, chiggers |
Tetra |
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
human monocytic ehrlichiosis |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
serology |
like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia |
Lone Star tick |
doxycycline |
| Ehrlichia ewingii |
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
serology |
like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia |
Lone Star tick |
doxycycline |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilium |
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
serology |
like Rocky Mtn, -rash, +leukopenia |
Deer/Dog ticks |
doxycycline |
| Coxiella burnetii |
Q fever |
small, neg, coccobacilli,Giemsa stain |
aBs to Phase 2 or Phase 1/2 antigen |
atypical pneumonia, fever, chill, myalgia, endocarditis |
inhalation of airborne particles |
tetracycline |
| Bartonella quintana |
trench fever, 5 day fever |
neg, aerobe, bacilli |
PCR/serology |
severe pain in tibia, 5 day intervals |
body louse |
erythro, doxy |
| Bartonella henselae |
cat-scratch disease |
neg, aerobe, bacilli |
serology |
chronic regional lymphadenopathy |
cat scrach, bites, fleas |
azithromycin |
| Escherichia coli |
E. coli |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
serotype O157:H7; lactose +; pH acid |
dysentery; hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
fecal contamination |
fluid |
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli |
ETEC; 'travelers diarrhea' |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
heat labile toxin; heat stable toxin |
watery diarrhea; fever, nausea |
fecal |
fluid |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli |
EPEC, infant diarrhea |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
lesion involving microvilli |
fever, diarrhea, vomit, nasuea, non-bloody |
fecal |
fluid |
| Enteroaggregative E. coli |
EAEC |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
brick-like clumps |
diarrhea, heavy mucus |
fecal |
non-invasive |
| Enteroinvasive E coli |
EIEC |
neg, rods, facultative anaerobe |
indistinguishable from shigellosis |
rare in US |
fecal |
fluid |