| Question |
Answer |
| chewing muscles |
begin breakdown of food for the body |
| head and neck muscles are described as paired except for the ___, ___ ___, ___ & ___ |
platysma, orbicularis oris, frontalis & occipitals |
| muscles that move the vertebral column, posterior antigravity muscles, are considered |
trunk muscles |
| anterior thorax muscles which move the ribs, head & arms are considered |
trunk muscles |
| muscles of the abdominal wall, which help to move the vertebral column are considered |
trunk muscles |
| the muscles that form the muscular "natural girdle" of the abdominal wall are |
trunk muscles |
| pectoralis major |
large fan-shaped muscle covering upper chest; origin/sternum, shoulder girdle & first six ribs; insertion: proximal end of humerus; forms anterior wall of axilla; movement: adduct & flex arm |
| intercostal muscles |
deep muscles between ribs; external & internal intercostals |
| external intercostals |
important in breathing; help to raise ribcage when inhaling |
| internal intercostals |
lie deep to external intercostals; depress ribcage helping to move air out of the lungs when exhaling forcibly |
| anterior abdominal muscles form a natural ____ reinforcing the body trunk |
girdle |
| the functions of the abdominal muscles are ____ & ___ the abdominal contents |
contain; protect |
| rectus abdominis |
paired, strap-like muscles; most superficial abdominal muscles; run from pubis to rib cage, enclosed in an aponeourosis; movement: mainly to flex vertebral column, but also compress abdominal contents (i.e. childbirth & defecation) |
| external oblique |
paired, superficial muscles making up lateral wall of abdomen; fibers run downward & medially from last eight ribs, inserting into ilium; movement: flex & rotate trunk, also bend trunk laterally |
| internal oblique |
paired muscles, deep to external obliques; fibers run at right angles to those of external obliques; arise from iliac crest & insert into last three ribs; movement: flex & rotate trunk, also bend trunk laterally |
| transverse abdominis |
deepest of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally across abdomen; arises from lower ribs & iliac crest, inserting into pubis; movement: compresses abdominal contents |
| trapezius |
most superficial of posterior neck & upper trunk; together they form a diamond muscle mass; broad origin, muscles run from occipital bone down vertebral column to end of thoracic vertebrae, flare laterally, inserting into scapular spine & clavicle |
| extending the head, antagonists of sternocleidomastoids and elevate, depress, adduct & stabilize the scapula |
trapezius |
| latissimus dorsi |
two, large, flat muscles covering lower back; originate on lower spine & ilium, sweeping superiorly to insert into proximal end of humerus; important muscles when arm must be brought down in a power stroke (i.e. swimming/striking a blow) |
| each of the latissimus dorsi ___ & ___ the arm |
extends; adducts |
| erector spinae |
paired muscles, deep in the back; composite muscle consisting of three muscle columns which collectively span entire length of vertebral column; also called sacrospinalis |
| prime mover of back extension |
erector spinae |
| powerful back extensors and help provide resistance, helping control the action of bending over at the waist |
erector spinae |
| longissimus muscles |
intermediate muscles of erector spinae; consists of three muscles |
| iliocostalis muscles |
lateral muscles of erector spinae; consists of three muscles |
| spinalis muscles |
medial muscles of erector spinae; consists of three muscles |
| following a back injury these muscles can spasm and are a source of lower back pain |
erector spinae |
| quadratus lumborum |
fleshy muscles forming part of posterior abdominal wall; originate from iliac crests, inserting into upper lumbar vertebrae |
| when acting together these muscles extend the lumbar spine |
quadratus lumborum |
| when acting apart each of these muscle pairs flex the spine |
quadratus lumborum |
| deltoid |
fleshy, bulky, triangular-shaped muscles, forming the rounded shape of shoulders; originating across the shoulder girdle from the spine of the scapula to the clavicle, inserting into proximal humerus |
| prime movers of arm abduction |
deltoid muscles |
| favorite injection site, for small amounts of medication that needs to be given intramuscularly |
deltoid muscles |
| the forearm muscles have names that reflect their ____ |
activities |
| flexor carpi |
thin, spindle-shaped muscles; found on the anterior aspect of forearm & insert on the hand bones; cause flexion of wrist |
| flexor digitorum |
thin, spindle-shaped muscles; found on the anterior aspect of forearm & insert on the hand bones; cause flexion of fingers |
| extensor carpi |
thin, spindle-shaped muscles; found on later & posterior aspect of forearm & insert on the hand bones; cause extension of the wrist |
| extensor digitorum |
thin, spindle-shaped muscles; found on later & posterior aspect of forearm & insert on the hand bones; cause extension of the fingers |
| all ____ arm muscles cause elbow flexion |
anterior |
| biceps brachii |
originates by two heads from shoulder girdle, inserting into radial tuberosity; powerful prime mover of flexion of forearm |
| bulges when the elbow is flexed |
biceps brachii |
| supinates forearm |
biceps brachii |
| the biceps ____ the forearm to turn a corkscrew and then ____ the elbow to pull the cork |
supinates; flexes |
| brachialis |
lies deep to biceps; lifts ulna as biceps lift radius during elbow flexion |
| triceps brachii |
three heads arise from shoulder girdle & proximal humerus, inserting into olecranon process of ulna |
| only muscle fleshing out the posterior humerus |
triceps brachii |
| power prime mover of elbow extension, it is the _____ to the biceps brachii |
antagonist |
| "boxer's: muscle because it can deliver a straight-arm knockout punch |
triceps brachii |
| muscles that act on the lower limb cause movement at the ___, ___ & ___ joints |
hip; knee; foot |
| specialized for walking & balancing the body; among the largest & strongest muscles in the body |
muscles of lower limb |
| no special group of muscles is necessary to stabilize the ___ ___ due to being composed of heavy, fused bones which allow little movement |
pelvic girdle |
| the terms ___ & ___ are interchangeable, because many of the ___ ___ muscles span two joints and cause movement to both joints |
origin; insertion; lower limb |
| ___ ___ cross the knee and cause its flexion/extension |
thigh muscles |
| thigh muscles cause movement at both the ___ joint and ___ joint |
knee; hip |
| these muscles are massive and hold the body upright against the pull of gravity |
muscles acting on the thigh |
| gluteus maximus |
most superficial of the hip, forming flesh of buttocks; originates from sacrum & iliac bones, inserting on gluteal tuberosity of femur & into the large tendonous iliotibial tract |
| powerful hip extensor, acting to bring thigh into straight line with pelvis |
gluteus maximus |
| when climbing stairs or jumping, the most important muscle is considered to be |
gluteus maximus |
| iliotibial tract |
fibrous thickening of fascia lata, extending from iliac crest down lateral part of thigh to lateral condyle of tibia; provides stability to knee & assist in flexion/extension of knee; also called iliotibial band |
| gluteus medius |
runs from ilium to femur, beneath gluteus maximus for majority of its length; important hip abductor & to steady pelvis in walking |
| important site for intramuscular injections, when more than 5ml of meds being administered |
gluteus medius |
| gluteus maximus is not used for injections of medication due to the large ___ ___ that runs medial through it |
sciatic nerve |
| iliopsoas |
fused muscle composed of two muscles; runs from iliac bone & lower vertebrae deep inside pelvis to insert on lesser trochanter of femur |
| prime mover of hip flexion |
iliopsoas |
| acts to keep upper body from falling backwards when standing erect |
iliopsoas |
| adductor muscles |
form muscle mass at medial side of each thigh; origin on pelvis, inserting on proximal aspect of femur |
| this muscle group presses the thighs together |
adductor muscles |
| hamstring group |
muscles forming muscle mass of posterior thigh |
| bicep femoris |
two headed muscle of posterior upper leg; origin on ischial tuberosity & run down thigh to insert on both sides of proximal tibia |
| semimembranosus |
large muscle of inner & back of thigh; arises by a thick tendon from back part of tuberosity of ischium, inserting into the medial condyle of tibia |
| semitendinous |
muscle, tapering at both ends, posterior & inner part of thigh; arises from ischial tuberosity, inserts by long round tendon which forms part of inner hamstrings into inner surface of upper part of shaft of tibia; flex & rotate leg medially & extend thigh |
| tendons of the hamstring group can be felt on the backside of the |
knee |
| prime movers of thigh extension & knee flexion |
hamstring group |
| sartorius |
thin, strap-like muscle & most superficial on the thigh; runs obliquely across thigh from anterior iliac crest to medial side of tibia |
| acts as a synergist to bring the crossed-leg position |
sartorius; "tailor's muscle" |
| weak thigh flexor |
sartorius |
| quadriceps group |
four muscle groups that flesh out the anterior of the thigh; movement: extension of the leg at the knee |
| rectus femoris |
anterior middle region of thigh, arising from ilium by two heads, inserting into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| vastus intermedius |
division of quadriceps that arises from & covers the front of the shaft of the femur |
| vastus lateralis |
also called vastus externus; division of quadriceps; origin is femur, inserting into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| vastus medialis |
also called vastus internus; covers anterior aspect of femur, arises from the femur & adjacent intermuscular septum, inserting into inner border of patella & into tendon of the other divisions of quads; sends a tendonous expansion to knee joint capsule |
| rectus femoris crosses two joints, the ___ & ___ |
knee & hip |
| this two sites are sometimes used for intramuscular injection sites, especially in infants, or those who have poorly developed gluteus muscles |
vastus lateralis & rectus femoris |
| tibialis anterior |
superficial muscle on anterior leg; arises from upper tibia, then parallels anterior crest as it runs down to tarsal bones, inserting by a long tendon |
| dorsal flexion & inverting the foot |
tibialis anterior |
| extensor digitorum longus |
lateral to tibialis anterior; arises from lateral tibial condyle & proximal radius, inserting into phalanges of toes 2-5 |
| prime mover of toe extension & dorsal flexor of the foot |
extensor digitorum longus |
| fibularis longus |
lateral part of the leg; most lateral of fibularis group; arising from fibula, inserting into metatarsals of foot |
| fibularis brevis |
lateral part of the leg; medial of fibularis group; arising from fibula, inserting into metatarsals of foot |
| fibularis tertius |
lateral part of the leg; medial of fibularis group; arising from fibula, inserting into metatarsals of foot |
| gastrocnemius |
two-bellied muscle that forms calf of posterior leg; arises by two heads, one from each side of the distal femur, inserting through the large calcaneal tendon |
| calcaneal tendon |
Achilles tendon; strong tension joining calf muscles of the leg to bone of the heel |
| prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot; "toe dancer's" muscle |
gastrocnemius |
| if the ____ tendon is cutting the foot drags because the heel cannot be lifted |
calcaneal |
| soleus |
deep to gastrocnemius; arises on fibula inserting in the calcaneal tendon |
| responsible for strong plantar flexion of the foot |
soleus |
| quickening |
first motion of a fetus in the uterus felt by the mother usually somewhat before the middle of the period of gestation |
| muscular dystrophy |
any of a group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive wasting of muscles |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
any of a group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive wasting of muscles; expressed almost exclusively in boys; rarely live beyond 20s and death usually from respiratory distress |
| skeletal muscles are amazingly resistant to infections & relatively few problem afflict skeletal muscles because of |
a rich blood supply |
| myasthenia gravis |
disease characterized by drooping/sagging eyelids, difficulty swallowing/talking, and general muscle weakness/fatigue; shortage of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions; autoimmune disease due to junctions being there previously |
| respiratory failure |
inability of respiratory muscles to function |
| there is extensive loss of muscle mass and power due to |
aging |
Linnette Francois
on 2009-10-10
500 Words
