A & P Midterm (10)

Description:	1st 1/2 term mixed from chapters
Category:	Medical
Created by:	Linnette Francois on 2009-10-10

Question	Answer
if foramina are present you should automatically know it is a _______ vertebrae	cervical
spinous processes of the ______ vertebrae cause it to look like a ______ head from the lateral view	thoracic; giraffe's
sacrum	fusion of 5 vertebrae; superiorly articulates with L5 & inferiorly connects with coccyx; posterior wall of pelvis
alae	wing like articulation, laterally with hip bones forming sacroiliac joints
median sacral crest	fused spinous process of sacral vertebrae; posterior midline surface of sacrum
sacral foramina	smaller in size and less regular in form than the anterior, and transmit the posterior divisions of the sacral nerves
sacral canal	lodges the sacral nerves, and its walls are perforated by the anterior and posterior sacral foramina through which these nerves pass out
sacral hiatus	large inferior opening where sacral canal terminates
coccyx	fusion of 3-5 tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae; tailbone
bony thorax	sternum, ribs, & thoracic vertebrae; thoracic cage; contains heart, lungs & major blood vessels
sternum	breastbone; typical flat bone result of fusion of 3 bones: manubrium, body, xiphoid process; attached to first 7 pairs of ribs
jugular notch	concave upper border of manubrium; level of 3rd thoracic vertebrae
sternal angle	manubrium & body meet at slight angle to each other, so transverse ridge is formed at level of 2nd ribs
xiphisternal joint	sternal body & xiphoid process fuse, lies level of 9th thoracic vertebrae
sternal puncture	needle inserted into marrow of sternum, in order to obtain sample for testing of blood diseases
ribs	12 pairs, form walls of bony thorax; all articulate with vertebral column posteriorly, then curve downward & toward anterior body surface
true ribs	first 7 pairs, attach directly to sternum by costal cartilage
false ribs	next five pairs, either attach indirectly to sternum or are not attached to sternum at all
floating ribs	last 2 sets of false ribs lack any sternal attachment
intercostal spaces are fill with intercostal muscles which aid in _________	breathing
shoulder girdle	pectoral girdle; consists of a clavicle & scapula
clavicle	collarbone; slender, doubly curved bone; attaches medially to manubrium of sternum & laterally to scapula, helping to form should joint; important bracing function
when clavicle is broken the whole should region ___ ___	caves in
scapula	should blade; triangular, wing-shaped; flattened body w/ two processes; not directly attached to axial skeleton, held in place loosely by trunk muscle
acromion process	enlarged end of spine of scapula; connects with clavicle to form acromioclavicular joint
coracoid process	beaklike; points over top of should & anchors some muscles of the arm
suprascapular notch	medial to coracoid process; large nerve passageway
the 3 borders of the scapula are	superior, medial (vertebral) & lateral (axillary)
the 3 angles of the scapula are	superior, inferior & lateral
glenoid cavity	shallow socket that receives head of the arm bone, in the lateral angle
sternoclavicular joint	only point at which the shoulder girdle attached to axial skeleton
as its muscles act the loose attachment of the ______ allows it to slide back and forth against the thorax	scapula
the shoulder girdle is very easily ______	dislocated
humerus	single bone in the arm; typical long bone; proximal end has rounded head fitting into shallow glenoid cavity of scapula
anatomical neck	inferior to the head is a slight constriction
intertubercular sulcus	intertubercular groove; furrow on the upper part of the humerus occupied by the long head of the biceps
greater/lesser tubercles	two bony projections, separated by the intertubercular sulcus, which are sites of muscle attachment
surgical neck	distal to the greater/lesser tubercles; most frequent location for fractures on humerus
deltoid tuberosity	midpoint of shaft, roughened area, where deltoid muscle attached
radial groove	runs obliquely down posterior aspect of the shaft; marks course of radial nerve
trochlea	articular surface on the medial condyle of the humerus; articulates with processes of forearm
capitulum	lateral ball-like; articulates with processes of forearm
coronoid fossa	anterior depression above trochlea; flanked by medial & lateral epicondyles
olecranon fossa	posterior depression; flanked by medial & lateral epicondyles
medial & lateral epicondyles	corresponding processes of ulna move freely when elbow is bent/extended, due to these depressions
Forearm is made of 2 bones; the ____ & ____	radius & ulna
radius	lateral bone, when in the anatomical position, on the thumb side of the forearm
when the hand is rotated, palms faces backwards, the _____ _____ of a radius cross over and end up medial to the ____.	distal ends; ulna
radioulnar joints	where the radius & ulna articulate
interosseous membrane	the radius & ulna are connected along the entire length of this flexible membrane
styloid process	at the distal end of the radius & ulna; long slender pointed bony process which gives attachment to tendons/ligaments
the head of the radius forms a joint with the _______ of the humerus	capitulum
radial tuberosity	oval eminence on the medial side of radius, distal to the neck, where the tendon of biceps brachii muscle inserts
when in the anatomical position the ulna is the ______ bone, on the little finger side) of the forearm	medial
anterior coronoid process	flared process of lower anterior part of the articular surface of the ulna fitting into the coronoid fossa when the arm is flexed
posterior olecranon process	large process that projects behind the elbow; forms bony prominence of elbow, & receives insertion of triceps muscle
trochlear notch	deep depression in proximal end of ulna by which ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus at the elbow
the hand consists of ___, ____ & ____	carpals; metacarpals; phalanges
there are ____ carpal bones in the hand	eight
carpus	group of bones supporting the wrist; proximal row containing the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum & pisiform which articulate w/radius & distal row which contains trapezium, trapezoid, capitate & hamate which articulate with the metacarpals
carpals are bound together by ____ which restrict ______ between them	ligaments; movements
metacarpals	any bone of the metacarpus; palm of the hand
phalanges	any of the digital bones of the hand/foot distal to the metacarpus; 3 to each finger & toe except for the thumb & big toe which have 2 each
the knuckles are the ____ of the metacarpals	heads
each hand contains ____ phalanges	14
the phalanges of the fingers are ____, ____ & ____	proximal, middle & distal
phalanges of the thumb are ___ & ____	proximal & distal
pelvic girdle	paired hips bones articulating solidly with the sacrum dorsally & with one another at the pubic symphysis
coxal bones	ossa coxae/hip bone; lrg flaring bone making up lateral half of the pelvis
coxal bones are composed of the _____, ____ & _____ which are all one bone in an adult	ilium, ischium & pubis
together the hips bones, sacrum & coccyx form the ____ _____	bony pelvis
pelvic girdle =	2 coxal bones
bony pelvis =	2 coxal bones, sacrum & coccyx
the most important function of the pelvic girdle is	bearing weight
What lies within the bony pelvis?	reproductive organs, urinary bladder & part of the large intestines
ilium	dorsal, upper and the largest of the 3 bones composing either lateral half of the pelvis
sacroiliac joint	joint/articulation between sacrum & ilium
iliac crest	thick curved upper border of ilium
anterior superior iliac spine	projection at anterior end of iliac crest
posterior superior iliac spine	projection at posterior end of iliac crest
anterior inferior iliac spine	projection on the anterior margin of the ilium that is situated below the anterior superior iliac spine and is separated from it by a notch
posterior inferior iliac spine	projection on the posterior margin of the ilium that is situated below the posterior superior iliac spine and is separated from it by a notch
ischium	dorsal & posterior of 3 principal bones composing either 1/2 of pelvis; thick portion, large rough eminence on which body rests when sitting and a forwardly directed ramus which joins that of the pubis
ischial tuberosity	bony swelling on posterior part of superior ramus of ischium; gives attachment to various muscles & bears weight of the body when sitting
ischial spine	thin point triangular eminence projects from dorsal border of ischium; superior to ischial tuberosity
greater sciatic notch	either of 2 notches on dorsal border of hip bone which allow blood vessels & large sciatic nerve to pass from pelvis posteriorly into the thigh
pubis	pubic bone most anterior part of a coxal bone
rami	plural of ramus; projecting part, elongated process or branch
obturator foramen	opening that is the largest foramen in human body; situated between ischium & pubis; allows passage of nerves to pass into anterior thigh
pubic symphysis	rigid articulation of 2 pubic bones in midline of lower anterior of abdomen
the pubic symphysis is a ______ joint	cartilaginous
acetabulum	deep socket where ilium, ischium & pubis fuse
the acetabulum receives the ____ of the thigh bone	head
false pelvis	superior to the true pelvis; area medial to flaring portions of the ilia
true pelvis	surrounded by bone lying inferior to flaring parts of ilia & pelvic brim
outlet	inferior opening of pelvis measured between ischial spines
inlet	superior opening between right/left sides of pelvic brim
female inlet is ____ & more ____ than the male	larger; circular
female pelvis is _____ than the male	shallower
female ilia flare more_____ that the male	laterally
female sacrum is ____ & less ____ than the male	shorter; curved
female ischial spines are shorter & _____ ____ than the male; make the outlet ____	farther apart; larger
female ____ ____ is more rounded because the angle of the ___ ___ is greater than the male	purch arch