| Question |
Answer |
| Appeared mostly between about 1750 to 1850 and was characterized by a decrease in births in wedlock situations and late marriages. Profound cultural and sexual transformations occured |
Illegitimacy Explosion |
| A business that flourished in the 18th Century. A nurse was hired to breastfeed the babies of noblewomen who payed them. The beginning of the putting-out system. |
Wet-Nursing |
| Nurses, engaged in the wet-nursing business, that were said to have no children live while under their care. They let the child die quickly in order to acquire a new customer and collect more money. |
Killing Nurses |
| Was denounced by the early medieval. Was the act of allowing or forcing children to die for financial and other reasons. Soon became punishable by death. |
Infanticide |
| An old medieval idea, stated that prices should be fair and protect both consumers and producers. Was thought by some people to be enforced by law. |
Just Price |
| A successful medical practice of the time. Involved emptying the bowels. Was able to treat/prevent illness, as well as keep healthy. |
Purging |
| The practice, widely used by people in muslim areas, of treating non infected with the pus of an infected person to prevent from contracting the disease. Was mainly successful, but sometimes failed. |
Smallpox Inoculation |
| The Protestant revival, beginning in Germany, called for a warm and emotional religion that everyone would be able to be involved in. |
Pietism |
| A holy club created by john Wesley in Oxford university |
Methodists |
| A time of reveling and excess in Catholic and Mediterranean Europe. The combination of religious celebration and Recreation. |
Carnival |
| Substitutes eaten during a shortage of crops: included chestnuts, bark, and grass. More common in The 17th and early 18th centuries. |
Famine foods |
| Greatest accomplishment of medieval agriculture; land was divided upon peasants in a given village. was mostly open and not fenced in or enclosed. |
Open-field system |
| Open meadows of for hay and natural pasture. Kept up mostly by peasants living in the given village. Primarily used for livestock, such as horse and oxen. |
Common Lands |
| Movement beginning in the mid-seventeenth century that caused large growth in crop production. Caused by innovations in agriculture, such as the Enclosure system. Assisted in the start of industrialization. |
Agricultural Revolution |
| The alternating of crops to preserve fertility of the land and aid in crop production. For example, the switching of wheat and nitrogen-absorbing crops. |
Crop Rotations |
| A more effective way of farming, in which plants were organized into smaller fenced-in holdings. Caused a revolution in rural village life. |
Enclosure |
| "Domestic Industry" Merchants would pay rural workers to manufacture goods at their homes for a small pay. |
Cottage Industry |
| "Domestic Industry" Merchants would pay rural workers to manufacture goods at their homes for a small pay. |
Putting-Out System |
| Government activities that promoted economical attention, especially commercial. 17th century aimed at increasing the power of the state. Created a favorable balance of trade. |
Mercantilism |
| Originally established by Oliver Cromwell in 1651; required that goods imported from Europe into England and Scotland must be carried on British ships; gave British crews opportunity for a monopoly. |
Navigation Acts |
| The most significant portion of the trade of African slaves. Strongly helped develop the Atlantic economy. Transported large numbers of African slaves, especially to the Americas. |
Atlantic Slave Trade |
| People of Spanish blood that were born in America. Controlled much of the South American land. Slightly lower than Spanish born in Spain. |
Creoles |
| A system, somewhat like serfdom, in which a rancher or planter would keep a state Christianized, and Hispanic natives were bound by debt on advance food. money, and other goods. |
Debt Peonage |
| The middle class group in Spanish society. Consisted of the offspring of Spanish men and native women. Were able to be seen as white, if they were successful in means of money and power |
Mestizos |
| The typical family of many African and Asian societies. Consists of relatives that lived under one roof after being married and having children. Often stretched 3 to 4 generations. Dissolved in Europe. |
Extended Family |
Spanish 3
