| Question |
Answer |
| Analgesics |
Pain Killers (Decreases sensation of pain - sense of relief & well-being) |
| Pain |
unsatisfactory feeling that makes an emotional drive |
| Opiod receptors |
5; Mu (2 subclasses), Kappa, Delta |
| Number of pain pathways from periphery to brain |
50 |
| Sedation |
Affects higher cortical function. (Lead to coma or general anesthesia) |
| Dextromethorphan SE |
suppresses cough reflex |
| Morphine Classification |
CII |
| Morphine is derived from... |
Opium Poppy |
| Opiods |
morphine-like substance |
| Narcotics |
Opiods & those that induce narcosis |
| Morphine(Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph)site of action |
spinal cord, midbrain, thalamus, cortex (depresses nocioceptive spinal reflexes in dorsal horn) |
| Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph) neurotransmitters |
Cholinergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic |
| Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph) onset |
Quick: peaks 30-40 minutes after administration |
| Propoxyphene |
Darvocet, Darvon |
| Morphine |
Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph |
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) pain use |
mild to mod |
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) Class |
CV |
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) SE |
Acute & chronic Toxicity, convulsions (difficult to treat) |
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) DI |
Increase toxic effects with muscle relaxants & CNS depressants |
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) overdose |
Most fatal OD in US b/c it extremely lowers the Sz. threshold. 2nd most common drug cause of death. |
| Meperidine |
Demerol |
| Meperidine (Demerol) pain use |
mod-severe; perioperative |
| Meperidine (Demerol) vs Morphine |
1/6 potency. No pupillary constriction or cough suppression. Less smooth muscle effects |
| Meperidine (Demerol) metabolized by |
Liver |
| Meperidine (Demerol) SE |
CNS excitation - high doses (Tremor, muscle twitches, Szs.) & Respiratory suppression |
| Meperidine (Demerol) Class |
CII |
| Opiates SE |
Analgesia, Antianxiety, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, depression of cough reflex, pupillary constriction, N/V,endocrine effects (Increases ADH, corticotropin, PRL, GH, gonadotrophic hormones), edema, flushing, orthostasis, constipation,itch |
| Hydromorphone |
Dilaudid |
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) class |
CII |
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Duration |
Short Acting |
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) SE |
Same as Morphine |
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Potency |
High w/ IM |
| Fentanyl |
Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora |
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Class |
CII |
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Onset |
Rapid |
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Duration |
Short |
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Form |
No PO b/c doesnt go through the gut b/c its greater lipid soluble) |
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) SE |
Respiratory depression/Apnea (high risk), skeletal muscle rigidity, moderate bradycardia |
| Oxycodone |
Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan |
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) SE |
Fewer than Codeine - more tolerable |
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) vs morphine |
slightly higher potency than morphine |
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) Class |
CII |
| Oxymorphone |
Opana |
| Oxymorphone (Opana) class |
CII |
| Oxymorphone (Opana) efficacy |
Questionable |
| Oxymorphone (Opana) similar to... |
Oxycodone |
| Hydrocodone |
Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco |
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) abuse |
Must abused drug in US |
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) similarities |
Oxycodone except less euphoria |
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) combination |
Combined with acetominophen (Be careful of acetominophen toxicity) |
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) Class |
CIV |
| Codeine SE |
Same as morphine |
| Codeine Pain Use |
Mild to moderate |
| Codeine Combinations |
Aspirin/Acetominophen (CIV) & Pure (CII) |
| Codeine Class |
Pure-CII or Combined with Aspirin/Acetominophen (CIV) |
| Nalorphine type of drug |
First known morphine antagonist (proof that antagonist are analgesic with less abuse potential) |
| Pentazocin |
Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX |
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) Class |
CIV |
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) type of drug |
Kappa receptor agonist & mu receptor antagonist |
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) SE |
No ADH effect, less GI effects, lowers seizure threshhold, N/V, dysphoria, hallucinations & confusion |
| Nalbuphine |
Nubain |
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) class |
CII |
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) vs morphine |
Equal potency & duration of morphine |
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) type of drug |
Mu antagonist and kappa agonist |
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) SE |
Less respiratory suppression |
| Butorphanol |
Stadol |
| Butorphanol (Stadol) class |
CIV |
| Butorphanol (Stadol) type of drug |
Potent kappa agonist |
| Butorphanol (Stadol) onset |
quick in nasal form |
| Butorphanol (Stadol) abuse potential |
High abuse potential |
| Tramadol |
Ultram, Ultracet |
| Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) type of drug |
Mu antagonist, kappa agonist, 5HT-ag |
| Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) SE |
Sedation, less GI effects, abuse potential, seizures |
| Kertorolac |
Toradol |
| Kertorolac (Toradol) type of drug |
prostaglandin inhibitor (NSAID) |
| Kertorolac (Toradol) use |
Mild to moderate pain - short term |
| Kertorolac (Toradol) vs Codeine |
Similar potency |
| Kertorolac (Toradol) CI |
Perioperative and obstetrics (premature closure of the PAD in the baby) |
| Naloxone |
Narcan |
| Naloxone (Narcan) type of drug |
mu, delta, and kappa antagonist |
| Naloxone (Narcan) SE |
Opposite of opiates: euphoria, analgesia, mental clouding, respiratory depression, severe withdrawl Sx. |
| Naloxone (Narcan) Half-life |
Short (10 minutes) |
| Acetaminophen type of drug |
non-prostaglandin synthetase |
| Acetaminophen metabolized & excreted |
Liver & Kidney |
| Acetaminophen vs aspirin |
Analgesic activity equivalent to aspirin |
| Acetaminophen use |
Reduces opiate dose |
| Methadone |
Dolophine |
| Methadone (Dolophine) half-life |
Long; withdrawl lasts for months |
| Methadone (Dolophine) Class |
CII |
| Nucynta type of drug |
Dual-action pain inhibition (ascending; mu-opiate agonist. Descending; Inhibits NE reuptake) |
| Nucynta CI |
Patients at risk for respiratry depression and MAOIs |
| Tolerance |
phenomenon where an organism chronically exposed to a substance becomes progressively less sensitive to it (need higher dose to achieve equal effects) |
| Dependence |
Withdrawl syndrome upon cessation of a substance |
| Drugs that reduce opiate use |
Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, Topical/local agents, Muscle relaxants & Antihistamines |
| Muscle spasticity |
UMN dz. which relates to the tone of the muscle |
| Muscle spasm |
Localized in1 muscle body |
| Dantrolene |
Dantrium |
| Dantrolene (Dantrium) Tx use |
CP, MNS, malignant hyperthermia |
| Dantrolene (Dantrium) SE |
Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness,liver toxicity (chronic), pleural effusion (Chronic) |
| Methocarbamole |
Robaxin |
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) physiology |
Depresses muscle spindle affarent activity (spinal cord level) |
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) Tx for... |
Acute muscle spasm, back pain, sprain/strains |
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) SE |
Drowsiness, ataxia & coma (high doses) |
| Diazepam |
Valium |
| Diazepam (Valium) physiology |
Presynaptic inhibition of motor neuron in spinal cord (increases GABA) |
| Baclofen |
Lioresal |
| Baclofen (Lioresal) physiology |
Reduces excitatory synaptic influences of motor neuron at spinal and supraspinal level. (blocks asparate and glutamate) |
| Baclofen (Lioresal) Tx. |
Chronic muscle spasm, spasticity of MS & spinal cord injury |
| Baclofen (Lioresal) SE |
Hyperglycemia |
| Cyclobenzaprine |
Flexeril, Amrix |
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) physiology |
Acts in midbrain & spinal cord level |
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) Tx. |
Spinal cord damage due to ischemia |
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) SE |
Very sedating, dry mouth, fatigue, mental confusion |
| Carisoprodol (SOMA) physiology |
Blocks interneuron action similar to methocarbamol (less selective); metabolized to sedative with little muscle relaxant. |
| Carisoprodol (SOMA) SE |
Very sedating |
| Tizanidine |
Zanaflex |
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) physiology |
Alpha agonist; acts in spinal cord |
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Tx. for... |
Chronic muscular pain, spasticity or MS-related spasticity |
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) monitor |
LFTs |
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) SE |
Sedating (less with given food) |
| Orphenadrine |
Norflex |
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) physiology |
Acts supraspinally to decrease rigidty |
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) SE |
Anticholinergic SE |
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) Tx |
Strain, Spain, Low back injury |
| Cholpromazine |
Thorazine |
| Cholpromazine (Thorazine) physiology |
Depresses system btwn cerebellar & midbrain areas |
| Metaxalone |
Skelaxin |
| Metaxalone (Skelaxin) physiology |
Similar to methocarbamol |
| Metaxalone (Skelaxin) SE |
Least sedating |
| Chlorzoxazone |
Parafon Forte |
| Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte) physiology |
Smooth muscle relaxant |
Amanda Leigh Brooks
on 2009-10-01
500 Words
