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Parasitology

Pathology and Treatment of parasitic Infections

InfectionParasitic organismPathologyDrug of choice
Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Dysentery, ulcer, brain and liver abscess Metronidazole. Trinidazole for acute and hepatic amoebiasis. Diloxanide furoate for carriers
Giardiasis Giardia lamblia Diarrhea, jaundice Metronidazole, Trinidazole
Balantindiasis Balantidium coli Ulcer Metronidazole, Trinidazole
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Hepatitis, chorioretinitis, brain lessions pyrimethamine, sulphadiazine
Pneumocystosis pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (interstitial) Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum anemia chloroquine phosphaste
Malaria Plasmodium vivax splenomegaly primaquine phosphate
Malaria Plasmodium Ovale Convulsion pyramethamine sulfadoxine (fansidar)
Malaria Plasmodium malariae Nephrotic syndrome Quinine and Melfoquine
Trichomonasiasis Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis Metronidazole
Trypanosomiasis trypanosoma brucei, gambiense, rhodesiense Leptomeningitis, encephalopathy suramin, pentamidine for early stage, Suramin and melarsoprol for late CNS involvement
Chaga's disease Trypansoma cruzi cardiomegaly, Megaesophagus, Megacolon Nifurtimox
Kala -zar Leishmania donovani Splenomegaly, Hypersplenison Sodium stibogluconate
Leishmaniasis cutaneous, Leishmania tropica skin lessions Sodium Stibogluconate
Leishmania mucocutaneous Leishmania braziliensis ulcers sodium Stibogluconate
Schistosomiaisis Schistosoma mansoni portal fibrosis Oxaminquine
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma japonica splenohepatomegaly, cor pulmonale praziquantel
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium bladder calcification, hematuria, proteimuria, cystitis Metrifonate, praziquantel
Onchocerciasis Onchocera volvulus sub cutaneous, eye lessions, River blindness Diethylcarbamazine, Ivermectin
Loa loaisis loa loa hypersentive rxtns in periorbital tissues: Calar swellings Diethylcarbamazine, Ivermectin
Elephantiasis Wuchereria bancrofti Lymphedema, smooth muscles, hypertrophy Diethylcarbamazine, Ivermectin
Roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides malabsorption, Intestinal blockage Pyrantel pamoate, Menbendazole(for poly-infections of Ascaris, hookworms and trichuriasias)
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, sepsis Thiabendazole
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis Eosinophilia, fever, myalgin Thiabendazole, Corticosteroids
Enterobiasis (pinworm) Enterobius vermicularis pruritis pyrantel pamoate
Hook worm Ancyclostoma duodenale, Necator americanus Anemia Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate
Hydatidosis Echinococcus granulosis cysts in liver, brain & lung Mebendazole
Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm) Guinea Worm Disease Multiple skin blisters and ulcers Niridazole
Visceral larva migrans Toxocara canis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis Blindness, Meningoencephalitis Thiabendazole, corticosteroids
Cutaneous larva Ancyclostoma canimum, Ancyclostoma brazileinsis creeping eruption Thiabendazole
Paragonimiasis paragonimiasis westermani lung impairment praziquantel, Bithionol
Cestodiasis Taenia saginata (beef tape worm), Taenia solium ( pork tape worm), Diphyllobothrium latum Intestinal, Malabsorption Praziqauntel, Niclosamide
Created by: jmonkam
 

 



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