| Question |
Answer |
| A science and study of food that includes ingestion, digestion, and metabolism, important to many of the body’s systems and has a direct and indirect role to all body processes. |
Nutrition |
| Building blocks of proteins, end products in protein digestion. |
Amino Acid |
| The building and repairing phase of metabolism. |
Anabolism |
| Self imposed starvation at or below 85% normal weight. |
Anorexia Nervosa |
| Amount of energy used at rest to maintain vital body functions. |
Basal Metabolic Rate |
| Compulsive overeating. |
Binge Eating |
| This is used to estimate to determine if a person is at risk due to weight, used to define obesity. |
Body Mass Index |
| Eating disorder, continuous eating followed by purging, body weight is usually normal. |
Bulimia Nervosa |
| Destructive phase of metabolism. |
Catabolism |
| Waxy fat-like substance found in the blood stream that is needed to make cell membranes, Vitamin D, and hormones. |
Cholesterol |
| Nondigestible chemical substances found in plants. |
Dietary Fiber |
| When the contents of the stomach enter too rapidly into the duodenum. |
Dumping syndrome |
| Administration of nutrients into the G.I. Tract. |
Enteral Nutrition |
| Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet. |
Essential Nutrients |
| The body’s storage form of carbs in the liver and skeletal muscles. |
Glycogen |
| Process when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil to make it solid at room temperature. |
Hydrogenation |
| A measurement of energy that a specific food can provide the body. |
Kilocalorie |
| No meat or eggs, but will consume dairy. |
Lactovegetarian |
| No meat, but will eat dairy products and eggs. |
Lactovovegetarian |
| Fats, oils, sterols, phospholipids, and waxes (all water insoluble.) |
Lipids |
| Lipid surrounded by protein. Transport lipids. LDL, VLDL, HDL. |
Lipoprotein |
| Specific nutrition services to treat a condition. |
Medical Nutrition Therapy |
| The amount of nitrogen consumed compared to the amount excreted. |
Nitrogen Balance |
| Foods with one or more high quality nutrients in a small amount of calories. |
Nutrient Dense Food |
| Excess of adipose, 33% adults and 22% of children are obese, genetics and lifestyle contribute. |
Obesity |
| Administering nutrients in a way other than the alimentary canal (Example: IV.) |
Parenteral Nutrition |
| Related to inadequate intake of B12, more common in older people. |
Pernicious Anemia |
| Substances that remain in the colon after digestion is completed. |
Residue |
| A feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food. |
Satiety |
| A diet used as a medical treatment. |
Therapeutic Diet |
| Instance when no food is given by other routes. |
Total Parental Nutrition |
| Liquefied food is put into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, or feeding tube. |
Tube Feeding |
| A person that eliminates all intake of foods of animal origin. |
Vegan |
| A vitamin that primarily helps with blood clotting. |
Vitamin K |
| A mineral that primarily regulates fluid and acid base balance. |
Sodium |
| A mineral that primarily helps in cellular function and regulation of fluid, has a role in acid base balance, helps lower high BP. |
Potassium |
| A mineral that primarily deals with bone and teeth formation, also aids in clotting. |
Calcium |
| A mineral that primarily works on Energy Metabolism, Oxygen transport. Part of hemoglobin and myoglobin. |
Iron |
| A mineral that primarily works on Bone mineralization, BP regulation. Contraction and relaxation of muscles. |
Magnesium |
| A mineral that primarily forms RBCs. Necessary to use iron. |
Copper |
| A mineral that is essential to immune function, Wound healing. Involved in metabolism, second only to iron. |
Zinc |
| The human body is 60% water at adult, 80% at infant. This transports substances, serves as a lubricant. Regulates body temperature, Aids in digestion, provides moisture. Vary depending on age, activity, and health. |
Water |
| Polysaccharides, Nondigestible. Prevents constipation, Reduces cholesterol. Speeds transit of foods, Reduces colon pressure. |
Dietary Fibers |
| Fiber that dissolves in water, Slows digestion rate. Decrease in blood sugar absorption. |
Soluble Fiber |
| Fiber that does not dissolve in water. Aids in material movement through GI Tract. |
Insoluble Fiber |
| Stage of growth where most rapid growth and development occurs, average infant birth weight triples by age one. |
Infancy |
| Stage of growth where appetite tapers, growth rate slows; Food is often a common source of contention at meal time. |
Childhood |
| Stage of growth where they generally eats Kilocalorie rich, nutrient poor snack foods and other fast foods. |
Adolescence |
| Stage of growth where they have decreased energy and activity levels. |
Adulthood |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to reduce the frequency and volume of fecal output, to “rest” the G.I. tract. |
Fiber Restricted Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to increase fecal bulk, regularity; normalize blood lipid levels, slow glucose absorption. |
High Fiber Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to reduce GI symptom associated with consuming lactose. |
Lactose Intolerant Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to relieve symptoms and nutrient losses associated with intolerance to high fat intakes. |
Fat Resident Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to provide nutrients to support tissue healing & to minimize reflux, early satiety, dumping syndrome, & post surgery weight loss. |
Post Gasstroectomy Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to provide a diet that minimizes obstruction, gas, & unpleasant odors in ostomy PTs. |
Ostomy Diet |
| Type of Therapeutic Diet that is used to provide energy and nutrients in excess of unusual requirements in order to improve overall nutrition status. |
High Calorie/Protein Diet |
| A type of modified diet used to supply fluid, electrolytes, and energy in a form that requires minimal digestion, stimulation, and leaves minimal residue in the G.I. tract. |
Clear Liquid Diet |
| A type of modified diet designed to provide adequate calories, protein, and fluids for PTs unable to swallow, chew, or digest solid foods. |
Blenderized Liquid Diet |
| A type of modified diet used to provide texture modified foods requiring minimal chewing. |
Mechanically Altered Diet |
| A type of modified diet used to provide adequate energy, nutrients, and fluids in a consistency safely tolerated by the patient. |
Dysphagia Diet |
| A name for simple sugars in which to include glucose, fructose, and galactose. |
Monosaccharides |
| A name for simple sugars in which inludes sucrose, maltose, and lactose. |
Disaccharides |
| Type of fat that is liquid at room temperature. |
Unsaturated Fat |
| Type of fat that is solid at room temperature. |
Saturated Fat |
| Type of fat that is created when hydrogen is added to an unsaturated fat. |
Trans Fat |
| Organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for normal physiologic and metabolic funtioning of the body. |
Vitamins |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Thiamin (B1). |
Beriberi |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Niacin (B3). |
Pellagra |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Folate or Folic Acid (B9) |
Spina Bifida |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Vitamin C. |
Scurvy |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Vitamin D in children. |
Rickets |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Vitamin D in adults. |
Osteomalacia |
| A deficiency that occurs with lack of Vitamin E. |
Rara |
| Recommended additional calories per day during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. |
300 |
| Eating disorder characterized by craving and consuming nonnutritive, nonfood items. |
Pica |
| The development of diabetes during pregnancy. |
Gestational Diabetes |
| Recommendation are to limit caffeine to this amount of mg/day for pregnant females. |
100 |
| Recommended additional calories per day during lactation. |
500 |
| Type of digestion which includes the process of chewing, grinding, and crushing of food into smaller pieces. |
Mechanical Digestion |
| Type of digestion which includes salivary amylase begins the breakdown of charbohydrate. |
Chemical Digestion |
| Type of diabetes previously known as juvenile diabetes where the body does not produce insulin. |
Type 1 Diabetes |
| Type of diabetes previously known as adult onset diabetes where the body does not produce enough insulin or does not properly utilize the insulin produced. |
Type 2 Diabetes |
| A medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. Cause of chronic renal failure. |
Hypertension |
| A waste product of protein metabolism, and is filtered out by the kidney. |
Urea |
| Nutrition Support Team Member that are ultimately responsible for the nutritional care of the patient. |
Physician |
| Nutrition Support Team Member that identifies patients that are at nutritional risk, completes a comprehensive nutritional assessment, etc. |
Dietitian |
| Nutrition Support Team Member that ensures quality assurance protocols are followed in the production of TPN formulas, evaluates the PT for drug-nutrient interactions, etc. |
Pharmacist |
| Nutrition Support Team Member that is responsible for doing all of the grunt work. |
Nurse |
Biology Lab Midterm
