| Question |
Answer |
| What cells surround the sperm? |
sertoli cells - sperm develop between these cells |
| What hormone is in high levels in between sertoli cells? |
testosterone |
| What is aromatase? |
present in sertolia cell,convert testosterone to estradiol |
| What secretes aromatase? |
sertoli cells |
| What is required to initate sperm differentiation? |
FSH |
| What hormone is required for maturation of sperm? |
testosterone |
| What is the typical number of sperm in semen? |
200-400 million/5ml |
| what number of sperm is consider infertile? |
100 million/5ml |
| What determines how many sperm you can make? |
sertoli cells |
| What determines frequency of ejaculation? |
sertoli cells |
| Where does maturation and storage occur? |
epididymus |
| What is required for capacitation? |
contact with female oviduct epithelium |
| What is contained in the head of the sperm |
DNA cargo |
| What is the function of the neck in sperm? |
connector |
| What is the function of the mid piece in the sperm? |
energy |
| What is the function of the principal piece in the sperm? |
motility |
| What is responsible for gonadotropin feedback? |
testosterone |
| What is responsible for spermatogensis? |
testosterone |
| What is responsible for embryonic differentiation? |
testosterone |
| What is DHT important for? |
external virilization and secondary sexual characteristics |
| What is one of the dominant target sites for DHT? |
prostate |
| What is the carrier for DHT and testosterone in the blood? |
TeBG |
| TeBG |
testosterone estrogren binding globulin |
| How does TeBG act? |
changes gene expression (activate transcription) |
| Does TeBG work in males and females? |
yes |
| What are anabolic actions? |
anabolic hormones - promoting increased muscle mass |
| What effects do anabolic steroids have on the body? |
large muscles, large prostate, small testes (downregulate FSH, decrease sperm production, sertoli cells shrink) |
| What do seminal vesicles contribue to semen? |
fructose rich liquid which is 60% of semen volume |
| Aromatase converts testosterone to estrogen, resulting in what? |
enlarged breasts - so men on anabolic steroids take tamoxifen b/c of breast growth |
| What does the prostate contribute to semen volume? |
alkaline secretion providing 20% of semen volume |
| What does the prostate do under influence of DHT? |
enlarges |
| What happens to estrogen in men after 50 years of age? |
increased levels induce expression of testosterone receptors which promote growth (benign prostate growth) |
| What are the androgen dependent tissues? |
seminal vesicles, prostate, muscle, facial hair |
| How long can sperm live in female tract? |
2-3 days |
| What happens to plasma testosterone in the male fetus? |
spikes in 2nd trimester |
| What happens to plasma testosterone in the male neonate? |
spikes shortly after birth |
| When the lifespane is testosterone extremely low in males? |
from 1 year to puberty - hypothalamus is super-sensitive during this time |
| When does testosterone rise after childhood in males? |
puberty |
| How long does testosterone stay high in male? |
all the way through old age |
| What can damage male reproductive system? |
trauma |
| What does testicular cancer cause? |
decreased proliferation & differentiation of sperm |
| What happens in decreased proliferation of sertoli cells? |
subfertility - main determinate of daily sperm production in adult |
| What is cryptorchidism? |
failed testicular descent |
| What two processes are coordinated in the female reproductive system? |
release of the egg and readiness of the uterus |
| Why does the ova duct change shapes throughout the monthly cycle? |
cilia on the ova duct move the ovum down the fallopian tube |
| Where does fertilization occur? |
isthmus/ampulla region |
| Where is the medulla in the ovary? |
in the center |
| What are the eggs encased in? |
follicles |
Beef Production
