09 CAC Module 2

Description:	09 CAC Module 2
Category:	Paramedic/EMT
Created by:	SullenFF on 2009-09-24

Question	Answer
COPD	Group of respiratory diseases;Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma.
Asthma	Bronchospasm, Chronic Inflammatory Disorder of Airways causing wheezes, restless.
Asthma Treatment Drugs.	Albuterol 2.5mg in 3mL,Epi .3-.5mg 1:1000,Solu Medryl 125mg per IV,Atrovent 500mcg in 2.5mL. Peds Epi .01mg/kg max .5mg
Chronic Bronchitis	Blue Bloaters, Productive cough present for at least 3 months per year for at least 2 years. Inflamation of lining of Bronchi w/smooth muscle constriction and mucus production.
Emphysema	Disease process involving dialation of air spaces that results in destruction of lung tissue.
Acid Base Balance	Bodys attempts to maintain a pH of 7.35-7.45.
Differentials for difficulty breathing	Pneumonia, PE , Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Pneumonia	Infection of the lower airway caused by a virus, bacteria,fungi or parasite.
Hemiplegia	Paralysis that involves one arm and one leg on the same side of the body.
CNS	Brain & Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System (Caranial and Spinal Nerves)
ANS	Part of the Peripheral Nervous System, (Involuntary System) Sympathetic & Parasympathetic.
3 Systoms to maintain Acid Base	Chemical Buffer, Respiratory, Renal,
Acid Base Parameters	pH 7.35-7.45 , pCO2 35-45 , p02 80-100mmHG , HCO3 22-26.
Caranial Nerves 1,7,10	1)Olfactory,Sensory,Nose receptor for smell. 2)Optic,Sensory,Connects eyes to brain.7)Facial,Mixed,Taste,facial expressions,tears.10 Vagus,Mixed,speech,swallowing,heart and smooth muscles
Spinal Nerves	31 total. 8 Cervical,12 Thoracic,5 Lumbar,5 Saccral,1 coccygeal
Neuron	Nerve cell, functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron Types	Cell Body-Where Metabolic process takes place, Dendrites-Projections that carry electrical signals toward the cell body, Axons-Carry electrical signals away from cell body to axon terminals.
Meninges	Protective layer that surround brain and spinal cord. Dura Matter = Outer Layer. Arachnoid Matter. Pia Matter = Innermost layer.
Alpha 1 & 2 receptors	Sympathetic,Skin. A1=Arteries, A2=Veins
Beta 1 & 2	Sympathetic. B1=Heart,Increase chronotrophy,contractility,automacity,conduction. B2=Lungs,Tracheal and Bronchial Dialation.
Major Arteries of the Brain	Anterior,Left Middle,Right Middle.
Types of Stroke	Hemorrhagic=Bleeding withing the brain. Ischemic=Caused by blood clot to the brain.
TIA	Transient Ischemia Attack. Patient exhibits neurologic signs and symptoms of CVA that last less than 24 hours.
Cinicinnati Stroke Scale	Assess three physical findings. Facial droop,arm weakness or drift, and speech abnormalities.
Seizure	Temporary disruption in normal neuronal activity.
Classifications of Seizures	Generalized = Tonic-Clonic(grand mal), Absence(petit mal), Tonic,Atonic, Clonic and myoclonic, Infantile spasms. Partial = Simple, Complex, and Partial with secondary generation.
Absence Seizures	Childhood epilepsy and characterized by a loss of interaction,staring off into space, with no memory of event. Patient may smack lips, blink eyes, or other repetitive action.
Grand Mal Seizures	Tonic-clonic, most common in the adult with generalized seizures.1)Aura(sight or smell),2)Tonic(15 to 30 seconds,LOC,apneic,muscle rigidity),3)Tonic-clonic(2 minutes, violent shaking),4)Postictal(confused,may last up to 30 minutes)
Status Epilepticus	Continuous seizure that lasts longer than five minutes or when two or more occur with no intervening perid of consciousness.
Infection of the brain	Encephalitis.
AEIOUTIPS	Causes of Coma
AEIOUTIPS. A	Acidosis and Alcohol
AEIOUTIPS. E	Epilepsy
AEIOUTIPS. I	Infection
AEIOUTIPS. O	Overdose
AEIOUTIPS. U	Uremia. (Kidney Failure)
AEIOUTIPS. T	Trauma. Toxins. Tumor.
AEIOUTIPS. I	Insulin. Hypo or Hyper
AEIOUTIPS. P	Psychosis or Poisoning
AEIOUTIPS. S	Stroke. Seizure. Sepsis
Cushings Triad	Rising ICP when brain is injured. Hypertension, Bradycardia and Irregular Respirations.
Bacteria vs Virus. Virus	Virus,one function to replicate itself,unable to reproduce without host cell,not fully alive.
Bacteria vs Virus. Bacteria	Bacteria, capable of reproducing without host cell, cause disease by direct infection of cells or relase of toxins that destroy cells.
Fungi vs Parasite. Fungi	Multicelled organisms with capsules that protect them from hosts immune system.
Fungi vs Parasite. Parasite	Animals that infect a host.
Cold Sores	Herpes Simplex 1. Virus
Syphilis	Bacteria,fluids or skin lesions,painless ulceration of the genitals called a chancre.
Gonorrhea	Bacteria, Burning sensation with a greenish discharge
Chlamydia	Bacteria,sex, clothing, towels or high fives.
Respiratory Infections	Pneumonia, Bronchitits,Croup,RSV,TB,
Chicken Pox	Varicella,Herpes,Rash of small collections of fluid or pus. If reactivates causes Zoster or shingles.
Mumps	Virus, Swelling of parotid glands in the cheeks.
Measles	Rubeola,Virus,Begins with fever that increases over two days to 103 or 105. Red bumpy rash begins at hairline spreads down the trunk.
Small Pox	Variola virus, Lesions are found all over the body, and are in the same stage of development. Terroist threat, Infectious disease that has killed more people than any other disease.
Anaphylaxis	Systemic reaction, causing airway swelling or massive vasodilation and hypotensioin. Most severe.
What cells make antibodies.	Made by B cells in bone marrow.
Immunoglobulins	"Imaged" IgM,IgA,IgG,IgE,IgE
Antibody vs Antigen. Antigen	unknown substance to the body that may trigger an immune system
Antibody vs Antigen. Antibody	substance produced by the body to attack antigens.
Allergy type of Antibody Ig?	IgE.
Histamine.	Substance causing dilation of blood vessels,edema,bronchospasm,mucus production and smooth muscle contraction. Released of an allergic reaction from the white blood cells.
Hives	Urticardia
Treatment for Allergic Reaction	Epi 1:1000 .3-.5mg SC, Benadryl 25-50mg IV, Albuterol 2.5mg in 3mL SVN, Atrovent , Solumedryl 125mg IV.
Hormones	Produced by Hypothalmus and Pituitary Glands.
Pituitary Gland	"Master Gland" located at the base of the brain beneath the hypothalamus. Release of thyroid hormones that maintain BP,HR,digestion and muscle tone
Liver	Detoxifies many substances, secretes bile to digest fats.
Endocrine System	Hormone producing glands that control basic body functions.
Kerhs Sign	Referred pain to the shoulder caused by injuries to organs that result in bleeding that irritates the diaphragm
Brudzinskis Sign	Involuntary flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed, symptom of meningitis
Cullens Sign	Bluish discoloration visible on the surface of the abdomen when a large amount of blood is present in the peritoneum.
Kernigs Sign	Inability to extend the knee when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees due to irritation of the meninges, symptom of meningitis
Turners Sign	Bruising of the flank
Small Intestine	1. Duodenum 2. Jejumum 3. Ileum
Large Intestine	In order. Cecum,transverse colon,descending colon,sigmoid colon,rectum, anus
Peritoneal Space	Closed membrane sac that contains most of the GI tract distal to the esophagus
Retroperitoneal Space	Behind the abdomen, Kidneys
Causes of Abdominal Pain	Viscereal, Somatic,Referred
GI Bleeds Upper	Above the Ligament of Teritz, Bloody,coffee ground emesis, melena (black or tarry shit)
GI Bleeds Lower	Below the Ligament of Teritz, Hematochezia,
Esophogeal Varices	Dilated veins in the esophagus from a back up of blood in the liver. Alcoholic liver disease.
Cholecystitis	Acute inflamation of the gallbladder,neck of gallbladder is obstructed by gallstone
Cholelithiasis	Gallstones
Diverticulitis	Inflamation of the diverticula
Diverticulosus	Presence of diverticula
Chronic Intestinal Disorders	Inflammatory Bowel Disease consists of Ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease.
Liver Disorders	Hepatitis inflammation of the liver,
First pass effect	Most of the drug is metabolised by the liver.
Therapeutic Window	Difference between desired effects and a toxic effect of a drug
Types of poisonings	Anticholinergic,Cholinergic,Opiods,Sympathomimetics
Antidotes for poisonings	Atropine,Calcium chloride,Naloxone,Sodium Bicarbonate,
Acute Renal Failure	deterioration of renal function over a period of hours or days resulting in accumulation of metabolic waste products
Chronic Renal Failure	Gradual and slow loss of renal failure.
Rhabdomyolysis	break down of muscle, release of myoglobin into bloodstream.
Complications of Dialysis	Infection, Sepsis, Septic Emboli, Occluded Shunt, Excessive Bleeding. Hypotension, Hypoglycemia, Neurologic Dysfunction.
UTI	Urinary Tract Infection, Burning, Low back pain, Nausea, Malaise, Frequency.
Hernias	When any organ protrudes through the wall that normally contains it.
Inguinal Hernia	Occurs in groin region due to increased abd pressure.
Kidney Stones	Stones or CALCUI form in the kidney, collecting system or in the bladder. Stone forms when crystals precipitate our from unine and build up on inner surface of kidney or its collecting system.
Kidney Infection	Pyelonephritis, flank pain, fatigue, chills, malaise, fever.
Blood, amounts, volume, loss?	7-8% body weight, 55% plasma and 45% RBC WBC and Platelets. Healthy Pt can compensate for 25-30% loss before progressing to decompensated shock. 165lb = 5.6L total can loose approx 1.7 L.
Functions of the blood	Transport Oxygen, remove waste, form clots, fight infections
Blood Types	A, B, AB, O. AB Universal Recipiant. O Universal Donor has no Antigens and both Antibodies.
Transfussion Reactions	Due to ABO incompatibility 50% mortality rate.
Hemolytic Reactions	Destruction of RBC's by antigens in recipients blood. Signs fever chills flushing hives wheezing and tachycardia.
Sicle Cell Anemia and Treatment	Sickle-shaped red blood cells with diminished oxygen carrying capacity. Reoxygenation Hydration and Pain Managment.
Inflammatory Response. Define and 3 steps.	How the body responds to infection and trauma. 1 blood supply to affected area is increased. 2 small arterioles & venules increase so WBC's can leave bloodstream. 3 Leukocytes migrate through blood vessel wall to infection
Polycythemia	Increased number of RBC's
Leukemia	Cancer of the blood forming stem cells located in the bone marrow. 2 types myelogenous or lymphocytic.
Multiple Myeloma	Disorder affecting plasma cells by replacement of healthy bone marrow with cancerous cells, bone destruction and paratrotein formation. Found in older adults 65.
DIC	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Widespread thrombus formation in microvasculature with low platelet and coagulation factor counts.
Bodys Thermostat	Hypothalmus. Thermosensors in skin, central integrative area interperts thermosensors and regulates thermoregulatory effectors to maintain a set point temp. Thermoregulatory effectors carry out heat loss.
Heat Exhaustion	Intravascular volume depletion.
Heat Stroke	Bodys compensation mechanisms fail. Temp 104+
Throat Infections & Compromise	Epiglottis, Croup, Anaphylaxixs, Trauma
Hyphema	Blood in anterior chamber of eye
Crisis	Emotions overpower an individuals sense of confidence and take away ability to see options that might help reslove the problem.
Valium	generic:DIAZEPAM class:BENZODIAZEPIINE moa:CALMING EFFECTS DECREASE SEIZURE SEDATIVE indications:SEIZURES DT AMNESIA FOR PROCEDURES dose:2mg NO FASTER THAN 2mg/minute
Benadryl	generic:DIPENHYDRAMINE HCL class:ANTIISTAMINE ANTICHOLINERGIC moa:BLOCKS HISTAMINE RECEPTORS dose 25-50mg slov IV push
Epinepherine Anaphylaxis	1:1000 SC .3-.5mg may repeat every 15 to 20 minutes.
Albuterol	trade: PROVENTIL VENTOLIN class: SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHODILATOR dose:2.5mg/3mL route:SVN indications:BRONCHOSPASM MOA: B2 AGONIST side effects:SYNERGISTIC W/ OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETICS DIABETES HYPERTHYROIDSIMS CEREBROVASCULA DISEASE
Solu-Medrol	Generic: Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate Class: Corticosteriod anti-inflammatory Dose: 125mg Route: IV Indications: Reactive airway disease MOA: anti-inflamation SIDE EFFECTS: No Preterm Infants.
Atrovent	generic:IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE class:ANTICHOLINERGIC BRONCHODILATOR indications:BRONCHOSPASM dose:500mcg/2.5ml SVN side effects: COUGHING SPUTUM INCREASED
Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%	class:BUFFER moa:INCREASE pH indications:PRE-EXISTING METABOLIC ACIDOSIS OVERDOSE ASPIRIN CYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS CARDIAC ARREST dose:50-100mEq IV per medical control