| Question |
Answer |
| Cranial nerve I and function |
Olfactory, Sensory, sense of smell |
| Anosmia |
Sense of smell is lost |
| Parosmia |
Distorted sense of smell |
| Cranial nerve II and function |
Optic, sensory, visual acuity - snellen eye chart, peripheral vision, light reflex, consensual reflex, accommodation reflex |
| Light reflex |
CN II and III |
| Consensual Reflex |
CN III |
| Accommodation reflex |
CN II and III |
| Cranial Nerve III and function |
oculomotor, motor |
| Cranial Nerve IV and function |
Trochlear, motor |
| Cranial Nerve VI and function |
Abducens, Motor |
| Cranial Nerve V and function |
Trigeminal, Motor and Sensory. Motor: jaw jerk reflex, Sensory: corneal reflex, touch forehead |
| Cranial Nerve VII and function |
Facial, Motor and Sensory, facial expressions and taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue (sweet, sour, salty) |
| Cranial Nerve VIII and function |
Vestibulo-Cochlear, Sensory Balance & Sensory Hearing |
| Cranial Nerve IX and function |
Glossopharyngeal, Sensory, Motor, Taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (bitter) |
| Cranial Nerve X and function |
Vagus, Sensory, Motor, Gag reflex, muscles for larynx, carotid reflex (IX and X) |
| Cranial Nerve XI and function |
Spinal Accessory, Motor, Test scm and trapezius |
| Cranial Nerve XII and funtion |
Hypoglossal, Motor, Tests muscles of the tongue. Tested by asking the patient to stick out their tongue. Look for atrophy, deviation, and fasciculations |
| Jaw jerk reflex tests which nerve or root? |
CN V Trigeminal |
| Biceps reflex tests which nerve or root? |
C-5 level musculocutaneous nerve |
| Brachioradialis reflex tests which nerve or root? |
C-6 Level Radial nerve |
| Triceps reflex tests which nerve or root? |
C-7 Level Radial nerve |
| Pectoralis reflex tests which nerve or root? |
C-5 through T1 anterior throacic nerve |
| Patellar reflex tests which nerve or root? |
L2 through L4 Femoral Nerve |
| Posterior Tibial reflex tests which nerve or root? |
L5 |
| Medial Hamstring reflex tests which nerve or root? |
L5 |
| Achilles reflex tests which nerve or root? |
S-1 Level Tibial Nerve |
| Wexler Scale 0 |
absent even with reinforment |
| Wexler Scale 1 |
hypoactive or normal response with reinforcement |
| Wexler Scale 2 |
Normal |
| Wexler Scale 3 |
hyperactive |
| Wexler Scale 4 |
hyperactive with transient clonus |
| Wexler Scale 5 |
hyperactive with sustained clonus |
| Westphal's sign |
absense of any DTR, especially patellar; LMNL |
| Jendrassik's maneuver |
brings out reflex by cortical distraction |
| Corneal reflex afferent nerve or root |
CN V |
| Corneal reflex efferent nerve or root |
CN VII |
| Pharyngeal Reflex afferent nerve or root |
CN IX |
| Pharyngeal Refex efferent nerve or root |
CN X |
| Abdominal reflex nerve or root |
Upper T7 to T9, Lower T10 to T12 |
| Cremasteric reflex afferent nerve or root |
femoral N. |
| Cremasteric reflex efferent nerve or root |
Genitofemoral nerve, L1, L2 |
| Geigel's reflex nerve or root |
same as cremasteric |
| Plantar reflex nerve or root |
Tibial N. L4 to S2 |
| Ciliospinal Reflex nerve or root |
Cervical Sympathetics |
| Oculocardiac Reflex afferent nerve or root |
CN V |
| Oculocardiac Reflex efferent nerve or root |
CN X |
| Carotid Sinus Reflex afferent Nerve or root |
CN IX |
| Carotid Sinus Reflex efferent Nerve or root |
CN X |
| Stroke up on lateral aspect of foot across ball of foot to great toe |
Babinski -dorsiflexion of great toe withsplaying of other toes |
| Stroke lateral malleolus to small toe |
Chaddock - babinski response |
| Stroke down tibial crest to ankle |
Oppenheim - babinski response |
| Squeeze the calf |
Gordon's calf- babinski response |
| Squeeze the achilles tendon |
Schaefer - babinski response |
| Tap the ball of the foot |
Rossolimo - plantar flexion of great toe with curling of other toes |
| Examiner presses the 4th toe downward and releases it with a snap |
Gonda - Dorsiflexion of the big toe |
| Examiner extends middle phalanx of patient and flicks distal phalanx down |
Hoffman - Flexion and adduction of the thumb and flexion of the fingers |
| Examiner sharply taps tips of the middle three fingers |
Tromner - Flexion of all the fingers including the thumb |
| Examiner strokes the pisiform of the patient |
Gordon's finger -flexion of wrist and fingers or thumb and index finger |
| Exminer strokes the distal ulnar side of the forearm nera the wrist |
Chaddock's wrist - flexion of wrist and extension and fanning of the fingers |
| Patient's hands placed together, palms up. Doctor hands jar patient's hands from below up. |
Babinski pronation - affected hand falls in pronation. Good hand remains horizontal |
| Examiner taps bewtween eyebrows with index finger |
Glabella - Tonic spasm of orbicularis muscle with closing of the eyes |
| Sharp tapping of the nose or middle of the upper lip |
Snout - exaggerated reflex contraction of the lips |
| UMNL |
Lesion of the brain and spinal cord not including the anterior horn cell |
| Lesion of the anterior horn cell out to the myoneural junction |
LMNL |
| UMNL paralysis |
spastic |
| UMNL DTR |
hyperactive |
| UMNL Pathological reflexes |
Present |
| UMNL Clonus |
Present |
| UMNL Tone |
Hypertonic |
| UMNL Reaction of Degeneration |
Absent |
| UMNL Atrophy |
Absent |
| UMNL Fasciculation |
Absent |
| UMNL Superficial Reflexes |
Absent |
| LMNL Paralysis |
Flaccid |
| LMNL DTR |
Hypoactive/absent |
| LMNL Pathological Reflexes |
Absent |
| LMNL Clonus |
Absent |
| LMNL Tone |
Hypotonic |
| LMNL Reaction of Degeneration |
Present |
| LMNL Atrophy |
Present |
| LMNL Fasciculation |
Present |
| LMNL Superficial Reflexes |
Absent |
HHS Shrek
